In the words of Eleanor Holmes Norton (D), Washington's elected,
nonvoting delegate to the House of Representatives, «[Republicans] used our denial of representation in the Senate, where vouchers would have been disposed of as a matter of senatorial courtesy, to force vouchers on the city.»
Philippines are a state, with a government that continued before and after the event, ceded by the Spanish empire via the Treaty of Paris in 1898 to the United States and existed as a state, in US territory, not admitted to the Union, not on equal footing with other states (two
nonvoting delegates to the House and no senators) 1898 - 1946.