Research (by Irenee Beattie, Josipa Roksa, and Richard Arum) that examined appellate court cases from 2000 to 2002 found that, on average, those cases emerged from secondary schools with 29 percent
nonwhite students compared to 37 percent
nonwhite students in the national population of secondary schools (the latter weighted for enrollment size to be comparable to the court case data); appellate cases
also emanated from schools with more educational resources per
student (
student / teacher ratios of 16.3 compared to 17.5 nationally).
He
also pointed out that University of Virginia researchers studying first - grade classrooms found low - income and
nonwhite students were more likely to be in «lower overall quality classrooms» (which isn't quite the same thing as having lousier teachers).