Embryos edited to remove the OCT4 gene (right) fail to make
normal blastocysts.
Not exact matches
Nanog appears in both the morula (12 - cell stage) and in high concentration at an advanced stage of
normal embryonic development, the
blastocyst (150 - cell stage).
Part of the
normal variation, which is equally present between
blastocysts of both groups, can be observed in the gene expression of levels mtDNA encoded OXPHOS proteins.
Still, it is far more difficult to demonstrate that a
blastocyst is
normal, than that it is abnormal, and also for controls we do not fully understand what the optimal
blastocyst should look like.
Normal individual variation between women, but also between
blastocysts of the same woman may occur, without necessarily being negative.
Changes in the manipulation medium, as well as a move from late to early stages after first appearance of pronuclei, produced
blastocysts which were statistically indistinguishable from those produced in
normal IVF by measures of morphology, ploidy and gene expression.
In short, there is no
blastocyst - like stage — when the somatic cells are reprogrammed, they're immediately cultured as cells in
normal adherent culture.
Cells with
normal karyotype were injected into
blastocysts isolated from C57BL / 6 mice.