Sentences with phrase «normal expression patterns»

Supplementing B vitamins into the insect's diet or reestablishing the symbiotic partnership restores normal expression patterns of those genes.

Epigenetic changes beyond a normal expression pattern can cause a variety of diseases.

Not exact matches

In animal models, exposure to cigarette smoke or nicotine during fetal development alters the expression of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in areas of the brainstem important for autonomic function, 28 alters the neuronal excitability of neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (a brainstem region important for sensory integration), 29 and alters fetal autonomic activity and medullary neurotransmitter receptors.30 In human infants, there are strong associations between nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and serotonin receptors in the brainstem during development.31 Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke attenuates recovery from hypoxia in preterm infants, 32 decreases heart rate variability in preterm33 and term34 infants, and abolishes the normal relationship between heart rate and gestational age at birth.33 Moreover, infants of smoking mothers exhibit impaired arousal patterns to trigeminal stimulation in proportion to urinary cotinine levels.35 It is important to note also that prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke alters the normal programming of cardiovascular reflexes such that there is a greater - than - expected increase in blood pressure and heart rate in response to breathing 4 % carbon dioxide or a 60 ° head - up tilt.36 These changes in autonomic function, arousal, and cardiovascular reflexes might all increase an infant's vulnerability to SIDS.

In cells grown on flat culture dishes, the expression of thousands of genes didn't match up with their normal patterns, explaining why the cells from those dishes had been unable to generate new hair follicles.

When Bordenstein and Brucker compared gene expression patterns in normal and microbe - free offspring, they found significant changes in many of the genes involved in the immune response (Science, doi.org/m87).

By comparing the gene expression patterns of normal beta cells and insulin - producing cells derived from alpha cells, the researchers confirmed nearly complete cellular reprogramming.

This allowed us to directly compare the patterns of marker expression in normal and induced retina, and identify cell classes on the basis of their distinctive morphology and location within the eye.

Gene expression patterns in normal adult or the developing retina have been reported for mouse [18 — 23], aged and normal adult human [24 — 26], canine [27], and rabbit [28].

The expression patterns of cell class - specific markers in mosaic retinas appeared the same in host and donor derived regions suggesting that donor cells generated all retinal cell classes in approximately normal ratios (Figures 5K — 5N and S2).

A detailed comparison of gene expression signatures between ETP ALL tumors and and normal human hematopoietic progenitor cells revealed a somewhat surprising finding: ETP - ALL expression patterns were less consistent with early T - cell precursors, as might have been expected, but more similar to the expression profile of normal hematopoietic stem cells and granulocyte macrophage precursors.

Expression patterns of DLK1 and INSL3 identify stages of Leydig cell differentiation during normal development and in testicular pathologies, including testicular cancer and Klinefelter syndrome.

The knowledge may help address the health issues that arise when the normal, clocklike patterns of expression are disrupted.

«Instead, after a few population doublings they go back to the normal gene expression pattern and rapidly reacquired drug sensitivity.»

To the identify the tissue - wide expression pattern of this receptor, they screen the full human tissue atlas and find expression in a limited number of normal tissues and cancers, including some reproductive and lymphoid organs and cancers.

Specifically, use of post-mortem material is crucial for studying the patterns of normal gene expression underlying tissue specificity within individuals, as sampling such tissues from living individuals would be impossible.

Knowledge - based annotation aims to create a comprehensive overview of protein expression patterns in normal human tissues.

Moreover, when analyzed with gene expression patterns of normal brain cells, the four GBM subtypes associate with different cell lineages.

Every normal tissue or organ comprises multiple resident cell types that are heterogeneous with respect to their morphologies, functions, and gene and protein expression patterns.

«So far, we have been comparing the expression patterns of normal, preneoplastic and tumor tissue on chips that let us look at 7,000 genes at once,» Chen said.