To test a nonpermanent approach, the team gave
normal female mice the MIS protein as a twice - daily shot.
DOUBLING UP
A normal female mouse embryo (left) has only female reproductive tissue, called the Müllerian duct (pink).
Not exact matches
Human
females can live a
normal life span with the disease, as can
female mice — the latter species also frequently becomes obese.
Male
mice from both strains lived 15 per cent longer than
normal mice or
females.
Older modified male
mice metabolised sugar faster than
normal mice and
females, suggesting that SIRT6 might extend life by protecting against metabolic disorders such as diabetes.
These modified
mice had significantly smaller testes and lower sperm counts than their
normal counterparts — and when the group bred them with
normal females, they found that the litter size was around half
normal.
By contrast, these
females retained a
normal level of social interest in other
females during estrus, and in male
mice when not in estrus.
To determine what effect this had on fertility, Cook - Andersen's team set up an equal number of fertile male
mice with 10
females lacking L2 in their eggs and 10
normal females.
These
mice were then mated with
females that hadn't been confined, and their resulting offspring had higher blood glucose than
normal.
In the latest study, the researchers injected the nine miRNAs into zygotes from
normal mice, implanted the zygotes in
females, and allowed them to mature.
But when researchers used that sperm to fertilize eggs in the lab that were then injected into
female mice, the
mice birthed pups at a
normal rate.
To investigate, Akhtar deleted the gene for Rac1 in
female mice; their first litter of pups survived, but they were smaller than
normal — probably because the milk they received contained less fat and protein than
normal.
The molecules are critical to
normal development: When the genes for certain of these molecules are experimentally erased, the eggs made by
female mice are invariably defective, and the errors fatally disrupt the
normal choreography of egg maturation.
While these XX male
mice had the same level of testosterone as
normal XY
mice, they displayed more masculine sexual behaviours — mounting
females more often and ejaculating more frequently.
When the team genetically engineered
female mice to be unable to make these NK cells, the animals had fetuses that were half
normal size.
When the treated
mice matured, the
females gave birth to
normal numbers of pups, another sign that the skeleton — specifically, the pelvis — had reached full adult size.
Female mice and male
mice that had been treated with estrogen were able to clear the bacteria from their lungs more rapidly than
normal male
mice.
Thus, mutation of
mouse Boule disrupts male reproduction but does not affect
normal development, growth or
female fertility, suggesting that mammalian Boule is required only for male reproduction, similar to fly boule but different from worm daz - 1.