The European Court of Justice has held that the holiday provisions of the Working Time Directive are sufficiently precise to be directly effective (ex p BECTU v Secretary of State for Trade [2001] IRLR 559, [2001] All ER (D) 272 (Jun)-RRB- and so an English court is required — at least where the proper law is English — to modify
normal jurisdictional rules to ensure that directly effective rights can be enforced here.