Even allowing for the fact that some paper trading, as on COMEX, is for
normal commercial hedging purposes, the extraordinary discrepancy suggests to us that, as on COMEX, pure speculation, day trading, front running, and other
forms of gaming exist on a very large
scale.
Within two months of the PET scan, all the patients and 15 of the
normal control group completed a short
form of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence
Scale, Revised (WAIS - R), which yields an IQ that correlates highly (r = 0.96) with that derived from the full test.20
These included characteristics on multiple levels of the child's biopsychosocial context: (1) child factors: race / ethnicity (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian / Pacific Islander / Alaska Native), age, gender, 9 - month Bayley Mental and Motor scores, birth weight (
normal, moderately low, or very low), parent - rated child health (fair / poor vs good / very good / excellent), and hours per week in child care; (2) parent factors: maternal age, paternal age, SES (an ECLS - B — derived variable that includes maternal and paternal education, employment status, and income), maternal marital status (married, never married, separated / divorced / widowed), maternal general health (fair / poor versus good / very good / excellent), maternal depression (assessed by the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression
Scale at 9 months and the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview at 2 years), prenatal use of tobacco and alcohol (any vs none), and violence against the mother; (3) household factors: single - parent household, number of siblings (0, 1, 2, or 3 +), language spoken at home (English vs non-English), neighborhood good for raising kids (excellent / very good, good, or fair / poor), household urbanicity (urban city, urban county, or rural), and modified Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment — Short
Form (HOME - SF) score.