But prolonged hotter - than -
normal sea temperatures can interfere with their recovery, sometimes leading to their death.
A new NOAA outlook shows that many coral reefs across around the world will likely be exposed to higher - than -
normal sea temperatures for an unprecedented third year in a row, leading to increased bleaching — and with no signs of stopping.
Not exact matches
The ongoing La Niña pattern, where there are colder than
normal sea surface
temperatures in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, favors these types of conditions.
La Niña, a phenomenon that occurs when
sea surface
temperatures across the equatorial central and eastern Pacific are below
normal, is what made last year's winter so awful for the Midwest and Northeast.
First,
sea - surface
temperatures in the Gulf of Mexico have been higher than
normal in the past couple of months, due to global warming, which means the air that flowed north would have been warmer to start with.
Studies of historical records in India suggest that reduced monsoon rainfall in central India has occurred when the
sea surface
temperatures in specific regions of the Pacific Ocean were warmer than
normal.
«The area of below
normal sea surface
temperatures continues to expand in the central equatorial Pacific, marking the demise of the 1997/1998 El Ni ¿ o episode and the further evolution of La Ni ¿ a (Cold episode) conditions.
But as the heat wave stretched from days to weeks, Coral
Sea temperatures spiked more than 3 degrees Fahrenheit above
normal, and many corals succumbed to starvation or disease.
Sea surface
temperatures in the Central Pacific and North Atlantic were cooler than
normal, which lead to increased rainfall across the southern Amazon in the months preceding the fire season.
Late last year,
sea temperatures in the Pacific were still 1.5 °C higher than
normal, with 30 °C recorded where the International Date Line meets the equator, indicating that El Nino was still going strong.
The latest Feb 5, 2016 forecast does not yet predict below
normal sea surface
temperatures that would result in a large La Niña.
February computer model runs forecast a return to
normal sea surface
temperatures by June.
At
sea level, at a
temperature of 21 degrees Celsius (70 degrees Fahrenheit) and under
normal atmospheric conditions, the speed of sound is 344 m / s (1238 km / h or 770 mph).
Sea surface
temperatures in the Pacific Ocean are warmer than
normal — El Niño conditions — which suppress rainfall in the eastern Amazon.
The team used a worldwide climate model that incorporated
normal month - to - month variations in
sea surface
temperatures and
sea ice coverage, among other climate factors, to simulate 12,000 years» worth of weather.
In late 2010 and early 2011, the continent Down Under received about twice its
normal complement of rain, thanks in large part to unusually warm
sea - surface
temperatures just north of Australia and a particularly strong La Niña — in essence, combining a source of warm humid air with the weather patterns that steered the moisture over the continent where it condensed and fell as precipitation.
High ocean
temperatures during winter months then likely accelerated
sea - louse development, enabling populations to grow quickly and reach higher numbers than they would under
normal ocean
temperatures.
For NOAA's Climate Prediction Center to make that declaration, the
sea - surface
temperature in an eastern - central segment of the ocean called the Nino 3.4 must be 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) above
normal for at least a month — and be forecasted to last that way for at least three months.
In the Eastern Pacific,
sea - surface
temperatures are about two degrees colder than
normal over an area the size of the United States.
The most recent observations of
sea surface
temperatures across the tropical Pacific Ocean (top) and how different those
temperatures are from
normal (bottom).
Looking only at the present - day
sea - surface
temperatures will tell little until it is put in perspective with the assumed
normal ocean conditions.
To be an «extreme» event,
sea surface
temperatures have to drop over 1.75 degrees Celsius lower than
normal, as the map below shows.
Beginning in the mid-1970s, the equatorial Pacific Ocean began a period of warmer than
normal sea - surface
temperatures.
Climate conditions favor warm water growth — as measured by
sea surface
temperature (SST)-- later in the year, suggesting that
normal climate conditions effectively nipped the nascent El Niño in the bud.
El Niño is a Pacific - driven climate pattern that features warmer - than -
normal sea surface
temperatures in the eastern tropics of that ocean basin.
Cooler than
normal sea surface
temperatures (blue shades) were developing in the tropical Pacific Ocean during October, signaling the possible development of La Nina.
Sea surface
temperature anomalies are 2 - 5 °C above
normal.
During a
normal April, Goa boasts an average of 12 hours of sunshine every day — that's one hour more each day than the previous month — alongside an average
sea temperature of 29 °C — that's 1 °C more than the previous month.
Given that impacts don't scale linearly — that's true both because of the statistics of
normal distributions, which imply that (damaging) extremes become much more frequent with small shifts in the mean, and because significant breakpoints such as melting points for
sea ice, wet - bulb
temperatures too high for human survival, and heat tolerance for the most significant human food crops are all «in play» — the model forecasts using reasonable emissions inputs ought to be more than enough for anyone using sensible risk analysis to know that we making very bad choices right now.
I can't help but notice that the St. Vincents Gulf
temperature now is 22 C, including something like a 3 C positive anomaly, whereas the
normal winter air
temperature in Adelaide may be something like 12 C. Using «cooling tower» calculations, I think it should be possible to heat up the air by contacting it with 22 C
sea water raining through it to a
temperature of at least 18 C.
El Niño: A phenomenon in the equatorial Pacific Ocean characterized by a positive
sea surface
temperature departure from
normal (for the 1971 - 2000 base period) in the Niño 3.4 region greater than or equal in magnitude to 0.5 degrees C (0.9 degrees Fahrenheit), averaged over three consecutive months.
«The climate patterns responsible for the expected above -
normal 2007 hurricane season continue to be the ongoing multi-decadal signal (the set of oceanic and atmospheric conditions that have spawned increased Atlantic hurricane activity since 1995), warmer - than -
normal sea surface temperatures in key areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle&raq
sea surface
temperatures in key areas of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean
Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle&raq
Sea, and the El Nino / La Nina cycle»
«On May 22nd, 2014, global
sea surface
temperature anomalies spiked to an amazing +1.25 degrees Celsius above the, already warmer than
normal, 1979 to 2000 average.
And the TC that hit Burma developed and travelled over waters that were below
normal in
sea surface
temperature.
Human development including the disruption of
normal coastal geomorphic forces by coastal infrastructure assure that any change in global
temperature and consequent
sea level, will be a disaster to these environments.
However, despite near
normal rates of ice loss during the month, June 2015 was a relatively warm month (Figure 7) with 925 hPa air
temperatures up to 2.5 C higher than average near the North Pole and East Siberian
Sea, with even warmer air
temperatures in the Kara
Sea (up to 4.5 C).
The Oceanic Niño Index, the three - month - average
sea surface
temperature departure from the long - term
normal in one region of the Pacific Ocean, is the primary number we use to measure the ocean part of El Niño, and that value for November — January is 2.3 °C, tied with the same period in 1997 - 98.
The official El Niño / Southern Oscillation forecast says it's likely the tropical Pacific will transition to neutral conditions (
sea surface
temperature in the Niño3.4 region dropping below the 0.5 ° - above -
normal threshold) in the late spring.
So if you say «snow cover in 49 states is due to more moisture in the air from global warming» — then you have absolutely no idea WTF you are talking about.The air is not warm, and
Sea Surface
Temperatures are also running well below
normal.
«
Sea surface
temperatures off the coast of New England right now are at record levels, 11.5 C (21F) warmer than
normal in some locations,» says Penn State climate researcher Michael Mann.
But
sea surface
temperature in the Equatorial Pacific region remain somewhat hotter than
normal — bending toward the warm side of ENSO neutral.
In the Arctic, where
sea ice reached a record low for February, land
temperatures averaged 8 degrees above
normal (4.5 degrees Celsius), Blunden said.
In July,
sea surface
temperatures anomalies were already at 1.0 °C above
normal in the central equatorial Pacific Ocean, and in excess of 2.0 °C above
normal across the eastern Pacific — and still rising.
In the large area around Vanuatu the
sea surface
temperatures were one to two degrees Celsius above
normal... So the atmosphere all around there has some 10 to 20 % more moisture in it than a comparable storm in the 1970s would have had.
The predicted September
sea ice area in the East Siberian and Laptev
Seas, from a simple regression model using summer (Aug - Sep - Oct)
sea surface
temperatures in the North Atlantic as the predictor, is below
normal but greater than in 2009.
Again for example, during multidecadal periods when El Niño events dominate, the tropical North Atlantic trade winds would be on average weaker than «
normal», there would be less evaporation, less cool subsurface waters would be drawn to the surface, and tropical North Atlantic
sea surface
temperatures would rise.
Sea surface
temperatures (SSTs) are above
normal and atmospheric conditions look likely to be favorable for tropical storm activity.
Using a statistical model based on canonical correlation analysis with fall
sea surface
temperature anomalies in the North Atlantic as the main predictor, Tivy shows below -
normal ice concentrations throughout most of the region (Figure 12), which suggests an earlier - than -
normal opening of the shipping season.
Reasoning for a decrease in
sea ice extent from recent years, perhaps approaching new record - low minimum, focuses on the below -
normal sea ice thickness overall, the thinning of
sea ice in coastal
seas, rotting of old multi-year
sea ice, warm
temperatures in April and May 2010, and the rapid loss of
sea ice area seen during May.
The map below clearly shows that
sea surface
temperatures were as much as 24.7 degrees ABOVE
NORMAL in the Arctic ocean on November 7, 2015.