Sentences with word «notochord»

Comparison of notochord and axochord development, gene expression, and anatomy.

We propose that these cells, via vacuolization and stiffening, gave rise to the chordate notochord.

(A) Notochord development schematized for zebrafish at 9 hours post fertilization (hpf) or 90 % epiboly, 14 hpf / neural keel, and 30 hpf / organogenesis stages.

Regardless of its nature, dorsoventral axis inversion (35) would have brought the ventral midline tissue into a dorsal position in the chordate lineage, and the appearance of incompressible vacuoles (14) would have gradually transformed it into a stiff rod of constant length; the amphioxus notochord could then be regarded a vestige of a contractile - cartilaginous transition.

This transition could have involved the co-option of not expression (which is absent from the axochord, see above) given that zebrafish not null mutants form muscle tissue instead of notochord (36).

Thus, vacuolization in the hemichordate stomochord and pygochord might have occurred independent to that of the chordate notochord.

Setton's lab exposed the hiPSCs to a variety of different growth factors and culture media to coax them into first developing markers for, and then fully forming into, notochord cells.

This is most evident of all in the development of the central nervous system and the brain out of the notochord of more primitive creatures.

Even though the Tully Monster was shaped like no other lamprey living or extinct, the new study reveals for the first time that the creature had gills and a flexible backbonelike rod called a notochord — anatomical features that make the creature, like today's lampreys, a vertebrate.

In humans, the notochord is a cartilage - like rod that turns into the spinal column during in - vitro development.

Setton and her group backtracked, devising a series of steps to first produce one of the earliest - forming embryonic structures, the notochord.

«We know that the intervertebral discs arise from the notochord,» Setton said.

Once the scientists had the notochord cells, they used a similar chemical exposure process to develop those into NP - type cells.

In some, the researchers observed a light band running down the creature's midline, which they determined was a notochord, a kind of primitive backbone.

Hagfish aren't a typical fish — they have cartilage instead of bones and a primitive skeletal rod (called a notochord) instead of a backbone.

Each has a dorsal nerve chord, a notochord, gill slits, and a tail of sorts, at least during part of their life cycle.

From millimeter - scale dots in surface waters to relative giants in the depths, larvaceans have jellyfish - translucent bodies but a cordlike structure (called a notochord) reminiscent of very ancient ancestors of vertebrates.

Thanks to the stunning preservation, the researchers could not only discern a heart and a circulatory system in these 3 - centimeter fossils, but also some of the hallmarks of chordates, such as a dorsal nerve cord and a notochord, a rod of stiff tissue that provides support along the back of the body.

This stands in contrast to both axochord and notochord, which are positioned between blood vessel and nerve cord (Fig. 1).

S11) with the vertebrate pioneer myocyctes flanking the notochord (17).

D. L. Stemple, Structure and function of the notochord: An essential organ for chordate development.

We identify a population of mesodermal cells in a developing invertebrate, the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii, that converges and extends toward the midline and expresses a notochord - specific combination of genes.

Red, notochord (nch) or axochord (ach); orange, mesoderm (mes); purple, neuroectodermal midline; yellow, medial interneuron column; faint yellow, motor neuron column; gray, sensory interneuron column; blue, epidermis; green, endoderm (end) / gut.

Last, in vertebrates, the notochord was complemented by a rigid backbone that crucially contributed to the success of our phylum.

It might have constituted sheath - secreting mesenchyme that was independently converted into muscular axochord and notochord in lophotrochozoans and chordates, respectively; alternatively, this tissue might have been contractile already and transformed into axochord in protostomes and notochord in chordates (Fig. 1C).

The origin of chordates has been debated for more than a century, with one key issue being the emergence of the notochord.

But how did the notochord evolve?

A muscular nature of a putative invertebrate counterpart of the chordate notochord is consistent with the observation that in the most basal chordate, amphioxus, the notochord is composed of specialized muscle cells (14) and expresses the same muscle markers (15).

M. Catala, M. A. Teillet, E. M. De Robertis, M. L. Le Douarin, A spinal cord fate map in the avian embryo: While regressing, Hensen's node lays down the notochord and floor plate thus joining the spinal cord lateral walls.

Regarding deuterostomes, previous studies on the origin of the notochord focused on the hemichordate stomochord, an unpaired chordoid outpocketing of the pharynx, as a possible notochord homolog (27).

By looking for cell populations that would resemble the vertebrate chordamesoderm (a population of mesodermal midline cells that converge medially to give rise to the notochord; red in Fig. 1A), we identified segmental pairs of mesodermal cells on the non — bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) body side (5) that stood out by early and continuous expression of colA1, encoding collagen type A (Fig. 2, A to D).

W. E. Reintsch, A. Habring - Mueller, R. W. Wang, A. Schohl, F. Fagotto, beta - Catenin controls cell sorting at the notochord - somite boundary independently of cadherin - mediated adhesion.

These are benign tumors of the remanant of the notochord (the precursor to the spine and spinal cord in a fetus) in a ferret.