Somatic cells can be reprogrammed either by
nuclear transfer into oocytes or by fusion with embryonic stem (ES) cells.
Not exact matches
Although Ghana has no military use of its
nuclear assets, options for scientific research
into modern
nuclear propelled submarine and aircraft carrier ships, design and development of same technology and its
transfer from partner OECD for its military use are imminent.
In somatic cell
nuclear transfer, a nucleus from a mature body cell is transplanted
into an egg cell without a nucleus.
The nuclei are inserted
into egg cells which have had their original nucleus removed, a process called
nuclear transfer.
«We think that differentiation is a way that opens some doors and makes it easier for
nuclear transfer programming to go back
into embryonic stem cells.»
However, this method raises the following problem: in every
nuclear transfer, a small number of defective mitochondria are
transferred into the healthy egg cell.
Tom Clements, southeastern
nuclear campaign coordinator of Friends of the Earth, said the fuel in pool No. 4 was hotter than in the plant's other pools because it had more recently been
transferred into the pool.
Using a process called somatic cell
nuclear transfer (SCNT), a team from Oregon Health & Science University (O.H.S.U.) in Portland implanted the contents of individual skin cells from adult male rhesus macaques
into each of 304 macaque egg cells stripped of their genetic material.
Of the 29 early embryos created by somatic - cell
nuclear transfer and implanted
into various ewes by Roslin researchers, only one, Dolly, survived, suggesting that the technique currently has a high rate of embryonic and fetal loss.
The new finding brings a measure of closure to a story that first rocked the science world in February 2004, when Hwang and colleagues at Seoul National University announced they had cloned a female donor's cell by
transferring its nucleus
into one of her egg cells stripped of its nucleus in a procedure known as somatic cell
nuclear transfer (SCNT), and harvested embryonic stem cells from the resulting fusion.
Enriched uranium oxide is formed
into rods and water is used both as a coolant, flowing through the reactor core to
transfer heat away, and as a moderator, slowing down neutrons released by fission so that they promote further
nuclear reactions.
Opponents said that the measure should have banned somatic cell
nuclear transfer; it criminalized only the «implantation» of an embryo
into a woman to create a human clone.
But the favored reprogramming technique, somatic cell
nuclear transfer (SCNT), otherwise known as research cloning, is fraught with ethical pitfalls as well as technical difficulties because it entails creating a human embryo by inserting an adult cell nucleus
into an ooctye.
One way to create such cells is through somatic cell
nuclear transfer (SCNT), in which the nucleus of a patient's cell is inserted
into an egg cell from which most of the DNA has been removed (ScienceNOW, 19 June).
Dolly was cloned using the technique of «somatic cell
nuclear transfer,» when a nucleus from an adult cell is
transferred into an unfertilized egg that has had its nucleus removed, and is then shocked with electricity to start cell growth.
Animal cloning uses a process known as somatic - cell
nuclear transfer, where the nucleus from an adult (donor) cell is
transferred into an egg (host) cell lacking a nucleus.
While Gurdon's tadpoles did not survive to grow
into adult frogs, his experiment showed that the process of specialization in animal cells was reversible, and his technique of
nuclear transfer paved the way for later cloning successes.
There are lessons that we can learn from somatic cell
nuclear transfer where the somatic cell brings accompanying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
into the egg.
The Society believes that research involving the
transfer of a human nucleus
into an animal egg will lead to important new knowledge about cell
nuclear replacement (CNR) technology and, if it were to prove possible to produce embryonic stem cells by this route, would increase understanding of how to programme these cells to develop
into different tissue types.
Our recommendations include better enforcement of existing regulations, expedited
transfer of
nuclear waste
into dry casks, strengthened reactor security requirements, and higher safety standards for new plants.