Sentences with word «nucleotide»

Large - scale resequencing of the first ESTs and subsequent genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms in large populations expanded the available molecular marker resources and provided a basis for examining their association with traits of interest (Eckert et al. 2013).

Moreover, the rapidly growing catalog of single nucleotide polymorphisms in the human population, the decreasing cost of genotyping and whole - genome sequencing, the completion of the reference human DNA sequence and a haplotype map of the entire human genome provide unprecedented opportunities for advancing the study of complex genetic diseases.

Detecting selection in noncoding regions of nucleotide sequences Wong, W. S. W. and R. Nielsen.

Zhang compared the DNA nucleotide sequence of the human version of ASPM to that of two of our great ape cousins, the chimpanzee and the orangutan, as well to more distantly related animals such as rhesus monkeys, seals, dogs, and hamsters.

Three recent studies found that people with a single nucleotide base change in the genes that code for cell receptors that bind nicotine — the addictive chemical in cigarettes — were more likely to develop lung cancer (ScienceNOW, 2 April).

In Irish Setters, rcd1 is caused by a nonsense mutation G > A transition at nucleotide position 2420 in PDEB gene.

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)- a double - stranded molecule made up of four building blocks called nucleotide bases (different chemicals that are abbreviated A, T, C, and G) that are arranged in a certain order throughout a genome.

When a protein needs to be created, specific DNA nucleotide sequences are read and copied (transcribed) onto another molecule called RNA.

Monovar improves further on the new SCS's computational tools which scientists found «lacking» by more accurately detecting slight alterations in DNA makeup known as single nucleotide variants (SNVs).

One was the fact that the adenine - to - guanine nucleotide change had been previously associated with blond hair color in Northern Europeans in genome - wide association studies.

Furthermore, by adding guanine nucleotides at the end of sgRNA (single guided RNA) that composes CRISPR - Cas9, they have successfully created this highly - developed programmable nuclease, which has no measurable off - target effects in the human genome.

The duo selected RNA molecules that showed even a slight talent for catalyzing the formation of nucleotides from precursor molecules.

Szostak's ribozyme could only piece together chains of RNA, each of which was several nucleotides long.

With these aspects in mind, I would certainly want to see this used in mutations with single nucleotide substitutions (variants) that characterize most ADAD mutations, and like to see the further development of the embryos as it relates to normal development after the normal sequence is introduced.

After sequence read quality and damage filtering (Supplementary Fig. 4), we called per - individual consensus sequences for nucleotide positions covered by a minimum of two independent reads.

Across all genes in the Medicago truncatula reference genome (gray points), geographic divergence (Fst) is negatively associated with nucleotide diversity (Fay and Wu's H).

The system can change single RNA nucleotides in mammalian cells in a programmable and precise fashion.

If RNA polymerase encounters a lesion in DNA, the theory went, backtracking could make room for repair enzymes to fly in, cut out the damaged section, and rebuild a normal chain in a process called nucleotide excision DNA repair (NER).

The study used whole - exome sequencing to characterize genetic alterations that occur at the single nucleotide level for all genes in 25 cell lines commonly used as models of bladder cancer.

The methylation of specific nucleotide bases in DNA often serves to switch genes off.

Among all 95 fully - sequenced adenovirus genomes in GenBank, the closest simian adenoviral relatives to TMAdV were SAdV - 3, SAdV - 18, and SAdV - 21, with pairwise nucleotide identities ranging from 54.0 % to 56.3 % (Fig. 4).

Rice University scientists have uncovered new details about how a repeating nucleotide sequence in the gene for a mutant protein may trigger Huntington's and other neurological diseases.

In both PKA and PKG, the R domains seem to contact each other through their cyclic nucleotide binding domains.

One mutation, which is complete deletion of the CNGB3 gene, affects Malamutes and Australian Shepherds, while a different single nucleotide mutation in the same gene causes Cone Degeneration in the GSHP breed.

Large genetic distance, multiple genetically fixed nucleotide site differences, morphological and habitat distinctions, and extremely limited hybridization of gene flow between forest and savannah elephants support the recognition and conservation management of two African species: Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis.

Whatever the combinations of defective DNA nucleotide pairs (adenine - thymine, cytosine - guanine, etc.), and which glands or organs they initiate the changes in, many of the irregularities we are discussing here manifest themselves in the cartilage that is on the ends of bones and «bone centers.»

Called individual nucleotide resolution crosslinking immunoprecipitation (iCLIP), the technique enabled Sanford's lab to identify IGF2BP3 binding sites in several hundred RNA transcripts in two B - ALL cell lines.

A genome consists of only four different nucleotide bases, or DNA subunits, arranged in a particular sequence.

Comparisons with structurally related ATPases, including superfamily I and II ATP - dependent helicases, suggest that the interaction geometry of the tandem motor domains in SecA is modulated by nucleotide binding, which is shown by fluorescence anisotropy experiments to reverse an endothermic domain - dissociation reaction hypothesized to gate binding to SecYEG.

The ability of morphine to alleviate pain is mediated through a heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein)-- coupled heptahelical receptor (GPCR), the μ opioid receptor (μOR).

Also, RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugars while DNA contains deoxyribose and RNA uses predominantly uracil instead of thymine present in DNA.

Original genome annotations were obtained directly from the NCBI nucleotide database.

The Oligonucleotide Directed Mutagenesis (ODM) as Targeted Nucleotide Exchange (TNE) by single stranded DNA oligonucleotides (SDOs) attracts special attention for use in both basic science and plant breeding.

Luscombe, J. Ule (2010) iCLIP reveals the function of hnRNP particles in splicing at individual nucleotide resolution.

They observed that the abundant saturated fatty acids in the diet activated adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2), a mitochondrial protein in fat cell membranes that is involved in cellular energy metabolism.

The collaboration began after co-author Dr Rupert Fray's group at the University of Nottingham found that a plant enzyme required for putting the modified nucleotide into Arabidopsis mRNA interacted with the plant version of the Drosophila sex determination factor FEMALE - LETHAL (2) D.

The 3 ′ end is positioned above a pore, through which nucleotides may enter and through which RNA may be extruded during back - tracking.

Sofosbuvir belongs to a class of directly acting anti-viral (DAA) drugs known as nucleotide analogue polymerase inhibitors, which are designed to block an enzyme the hepatitis C virus needs to copy itself.

8 mutations per nucleotide per generation), then... the number of children that each couple would have to have to maintain a constant population size would exceed the number of stars in the visible universe by ten orders of magnitude.»

Nucleotides form the building blocks of life — but where they came from has been a longstanding mystery.

Silent mutations occur when the change of a single DNA nucleotide within a protein - coding portion of a gene does not affect the sequence of amino acids that make up the gene's protein.