Sentences with phrase «nucleotide polymorphism]»

Hormones and neurotransmitters may mediate common responses through receptors that couple to the same class of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide — binding (G) protein.

«That's how SAMHD1 can get the nucleotide levels so low that viruses are thwarted.»

With the completion of the first phase of the Human Genome Project in 2000, and the advent of sequencing technologies that can detect gene variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), for the first time scientists have the tools in hand to find the key immune genes and genetic networks that play roles in vaccine response.

β - Arrestins, originally discovered in the context of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide binding protein — coupled receptor (GPCR) desensitization, also function in internalization and signaling of these receptors.

A family of neuropeptide genes which includes the gene encoding ELH along with two additional genes encoding the A and B peptides thought to initiate the egg - laying process has been isolated and their nucleotide sequence has been determined.

RIPK2 works in conjunction with NOD1 and NOD2 (nucleotide - binding oligomerization domain) proteins in controlling responses by the immune system that lead to this inflammation process.

Smith's group substituted one of the probe's bases with 3 - nitropyrrole, a molecule that is shaped like a nucleotide but that doesn't bind to one on an opposite strand.

The researchers looked at functional single nucleotide polymorphisms within the CLOCK gene that are able to influence how much protein is transcribed from the gene.

The four strains of the Ebola virus, however, are so varied that they do not share a 15 - nucleotide sequence.

Rather than measuring genetic changes directly (such as single nucleotide polymorphisms, otherwise known as SNPs), McKee and her group typically do RNA expression profiles on patients to see what genes are being expressed.

They found that methylation levels correlated with Alzheimer's disease in 71 of 415,848 CpG markers analyzed (these are a pair of DNA building blocks consisting of a cytosine and a guanine nucleotide that are located next to each other).

While Wells screened the Central Asian Y chromosomes for single - nucleotide mutations such as M45, Zerjal searched for a different DNA variable called a microsatellite.

When a Y chromosome is passed from father to son, the chance that a specific single nucleotide will change from, say, T (thymine) to A (adenine) is on the order of one in a few tens of millions.

The article in the journal Molecular Therapy — Nucleic Acids titled «As Technologies for Nucleotide Therapeutics Mature, Products Emerge» describes the analysis of more than 60,000 research publications related to oligonucleotide therapies.

A chromosome is, minimally, a very long, continuous piece of DNA, which contains many genes, regulatory elements and other intervening nucleotide sequences.

Normally, mutations in genetic sequences that give rise to herbicide resistance happen at the scale of a single nucleotide.

Results from a statistical analysis shows a cluster of SNPs — single nucleotide polymorphisms — in one section of a single gene, indicating the location of a mutation likely linked to autism.

Furthermore, the analysis of data on single - nucleotide polymorphisms, the main cause of difference between human beings, allows the prediction of phenotypic effects of a particular genetic variation.

In this case, the change is subtle: A single nucleotide called an adenine is replaced by another called a guanine on human chromosome 12.

Many of Rick Pierson's comments are correct, in particular his identification of what scientists call the water problem: the fact that the reaction of a phosphate with ribose and nucleobases to form a nucleotide is energetically uphill in water.

All of these studies were genome - wide association studies (GWAS) based on millions of genetic variants called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs).

A timed x-ray exposure clearly showed that the enzyme had wrapped around the DNA strands and had added a nucleotide to the partial strand.

The magic spot subsequently was shown to be guanosine tetraphosphate, or ppGpp, a chemically modified analog of the G nucleotide in the ATCG alphabet of the genome.

Results from three Phase III clinical trials (ION - 1, ION - 2 and ION - 3) evaluating the investigational once - daily fixed - dose combination of the nucleotide analogue polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) 400 mg and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir (LDV) 90 mg, with and without ribavirin (RBV), for the treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been presented at the International Liver CongressTM 2014.

Bartlett and Davidson devised a technique called Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing, or FINS, mainly for use in verifying that processed fish products are made of the species they claim to be.

Simms built a longer 300 - nucleotide mRNA to use as a probe.

The researchers began by confirming that the mouse mutation occurs in a region that is similar, or homologous, to where the single nucleotide change occurs in humans.

In synthetic biology, those standardized pieces come in the form of DNA snippets, coded in strings of letters, each one representing a nucleotide in the alphabet of the molecule itself.

When a cell divides, the strands peel apart, and DNA polymerase builds matching strands one nucleotide at a time.

Next they copied the promising RNA molecules using a technique that caused small mutations in their nucleotide sequences and let these mutated RNA molecules have another go at the reaction.

Further study showed that the region of human DNA that contained the single nucleotide change associated with blondness specifically affected the expression of KITLG only in hair follicles.

Conventional analyses look for individual mutations called SNPs — single - nucleotide polymorphisms.

The phi29 protein slows the DNA down so that only 20 to 30 nucleotide bases move through the pore each second, making it possible to electrically identify each one as it passes.

These results are consistent with a mechanism wherein the nucleotide base of A2451 serves as a general acid base during peptide bond formation.

Thus, when nucleotide levels are low and c - MYC concentration drops, transcription will be down - regulated as well.

Large genetic distance, multiple genetically fixed nucleotide site differences, morphological and habitat distinctions, and extremely limited hybridization of gene flow between forest and savannah elephants support the recognition and conservation management of two African species: Loxodonta africana and Loxodonta cyclotis.

In vivo mutational analysis of this nucleotide indicates that it has an essential role in ribosomal function.

Their trouble with language had been caused by the change of a single nucleotide of DNA — just one letter in the genetic sequence.

Zhang compared the DNA nucleotide sequence of the human version of ASPM to that of two of our great ape cousins, the chimpanzee and the orangutan, as well to more distantly related animals such as rhesus monkeys, seals, dogs, and hamsters.

It reveals that mice have 14 per cent less DNA than we do, totalling about 2.5 billion nucleotide base pairs against our own 2.9 billion.

The 3 - billion - nucleotide Neanderthal genome is our best chance yet of finding out.

«Our results indicate that c - MYC couples transcription to nucleotide availability,» said Stefan Kempa of the Max - Delbrück - Center for Molecular Medicine in Berlin, one of the lead investigators of the study.

The research looked at more than five million genetic variations, called single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs (pronounced «snips»), in each participant in the study and compared the frequency of these SNPs with that of the control subjects.

The European Nucleotide Archive, launched on May 10 at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory's European Bioinformatics Institute in Cambridge, UK, will also offer labs free remote storage of their genome data and use of bioinformatics tools.

The $ 138 million HapMap denotes haplotypes, stretches of DNA that are inherited together as unbroken blocks and can be identified by just a handful of DNA markers known as SNPS (single nucleotide polymorphisms).

By putting fewer nucleotide bases into solution, the researchers reduced the polymerase's transcribing speed from about 45 bases per second to 1 base per second.

Analysis of partial nucleotide sequences has enabled the team to refine our picture of the evolutionary history of cervids.

The lab has also shifted from testing genetic markers known as short tandem repeats (STRs), which are standard in paternity testing, to recording single letter variants in the genetic code known as single nucleotide polymorphisms, or SNPs, which are rarely used for this purpose.

All three teams found sections of DNA — haplotypes — that differed and ultimately pinpointed a single - letter difference that changed the amino - acid content of complement factor H. HapMap researchers say that refining the map further will speed up such discoveries, and they plan to release a new version this month that will include 4 million single - nucleotide variants.

The research team's hunt for such age - related genetic associations involved studying more than 8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms — changes of one nucleotide for another at a particular spot in the DNA — in 2,693 individuals.