Sentences with phrase «nucleotide sequence in»

Rice University scientists have uncovered new details about how a repeating nucleotide sequence in the gene for a mutant protein may trigger Huntington's and other neurological diseases.

Animals that share a recent common ancestor would have more nucleotide sequences in common than would more distantly related animals.

Not exact matches

DNA, made up of four nucleotide molecules in a sequence, is a code that can be edited and written — not unlike software.

The specific sequence of nucleotides determines the various kinds of life that appear in evolution.

There is no such «direct» evolution: animals, bacteria, and algae have a common ancestor from which they have diverged, as can be shown by aligning and comparing amino acid sequences of proteins and nucleotide sequences of homologous ribosomal RNA molecules that are found in both bacteria and vertebrates.

In the words of chemist - turned - philosopher Michael Polanyi, the sequence of nucleotides is «extraneous to» the physical and chemical properties within the molecule» which is to say, the sequence is not determined by inherent physical - chemical forces.

In 1972 he and his team were the first to publish the nucleotide sequence of a complete gene.

Every tissue in an organism contains a variety of messenger RNA molecules, single - stranded nucleotide sequences bearing instructions for the making of specific proteins.

The nucleotide in M1 RNA, residue C92, which participates in a crosslink with the substrate was deleted and the resulting mutant M1 RNA was shown to cleave substrates lacking the 3» terminal CCAUCA sequence at sites several nucleotides away from the normal site of cleavage.

The Human Genome Project, which sequenced the 3 billion pairs of nucleotide bases in human DNA, was a piece of cake in comparison: Epigenetic markers and patterns are different in every tissue type in the human body and also change over time.

In the new study, the researchers sequenced the entire genome of mice that had undergone CRISPR gene editing in the team's previous study and looked for all mutations, including those that only altered a single nucleotidIn the new study, the researchers sequenced the entire genome of mice that had undergone CRISPR gene editing in the team's previous study and looked for all mutations, including those that only altered a single nucleotidin the team's previous study and looked for all mutations, including those that only altered a single nucleotide.

A catalytic RNA (ribozyme) derived from an intervening sequence (IVS) RNA of Tetrahymena thermophila will catalyze an RNA polymerization reaction in which pentacytidylic acid (C5) is extended by the successive addition of mononucleotides derived from a guanylyl -(3», 5»)- nucleotide (GpN).

Which genes are activated and which are turned off is in part determined by a second tier of information which is superimposed on the nucleotide sequences that provide the blueprints for protein synthesis.

We elucidated the nucleotide sequence of a gene, and this was published in 1972.

It is a term of art in patent law that renders the claim «open - ended» so that it covers both the listed nucleotide sequence and, more importantly, the listed sequence in combination with additional sequences.

A genome consists of only four different nucleotide bases, or DNA subunits, arranged in a particular sequence.

After gene - typing about 3,000 people, Sturm found that how OCA2 is expressed — and how much pigment a person has — is strongly linked to three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or single letter variations, in a DNA sequence near the OCA2 gene.

That sort of resolution should be good enough to determine the sequence of all the nucleotide bases in the human genetic code.

These short sequences — usually about 500 nucleotides in length — are termed expressed sequence tags.

Release 155, produced in August 2006, contained over 65 billion nucleotide bases in more than 61 million sequences.

We have determined additional full - length sequences from two clusters of imported EBOV infections into Mali, and we show that the nucleotide substitution rate (1.3 × 10 — 3 substitutions per site per year) is consistent with rates observed in Central African outbreaks.

In germline cells PIWI proteins silence the RNA from jumping genes by cutting them in sequences of ~ 30 nucleotides that will become piRNAIn germline cells PIWI proteins silence the RNA from jumping genes by cutting them in sequences of ~ 30 nucleotides that will become piRNAin sequences of ~ 30 nucleotides that will become piRNAs.

In the 7 May 2010 issue of Science, an international team of researchers presents the draft sequence of the Neandertal genome composed of over 3 billion nucleotides from three individuals.

DNA is made of four substances — the nucleotide bases adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine — that will combine only in specific configurations and sequences.

Their trouble with language had been caused by the change of a single nucleotide of DNA — just one letter in the genetic sequence.

Next they copied the promising RNA molecules using a technique that caused small mutations in their nucleotide sequences and let these mutated RNA molecules have another go at the reaction.

Even if we assume that a trillion trillion trillion trillion unique sequences 180 nucleotides long could function as RNA replicases, the probability of hitting any one of them in a single shot is still only about 1 in 1060.

The 5386 nucleotides of fC became the first complete DNA to be sequenced (by Fred Sanger's laboratory in Cambridge in 1977) and Sinsheimer is justifiably proud at having put fC on the map.

Bartlett and Davidson devised a technique called Forensically Informative Nucleotide Sequencing, or FINS, mainly for use in verifying that processed fish products are made of the species they claim to be.

Normally, mutations in genetic sequences that give rise to herbicide resistance happen at the scale of a single nucleotide.

This mutation probably happened because the sequence of three nucleotides was repeated, and this repeat just happened to be in the right place in waterhemp's genetic code.

However, based on data now available, we see that the sequence of the 3 billion nucleotides in any individual genome is unique in comparison with the sequence of another individual's genome, while the degree of sequence similarity between the 3 billion nucleotides in any two genomes is remarkably high.

A human genome contains roughly 3 billion nucleotides in linear sequence, and that is the same, again to a large approximation, in every cell type throughout life.

With the completion of the first phase of the Human Genome Project in 2000, and the advent of sequencing technologies that can detect gene variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), for the first time scientists have the tools in hand to find the key immune genes and genetic networks that play roles in vaccine response.

Then, in 2010, Pääbo and colleagues published a draft sequence of the Neanderthal's nuclear genome — 4 billion nucleotides — based on three individuals.

This effort involves first generating lots of tiny, overlapping bits of DNA that must be assembled in the right order after their nucleotide sequences are determined.

The genetic blueprints are encoded in the sequence of nucleotide bases.

Extensive research has already examined the function of microRNAs, a category of small evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNAs about 22 to 24 nucleotides in length that target protein - coding genes in a sequence - specific manner.

Where the Neanderthal had gene variants for a larger skull, for instance, Church would use MAGE to modify the nucleotide sequences that constituted those genes in one or more of the chunks of human DNA.

The software is designed to run on the MinION, an instrument the size of a credit card that pulls in strands of DNA through its microscopic pores and reads out sequences of nucleotides, or the DNA letters A, T, C, G.

The device has made it possible for researchers to study bacteria and viruses in the field, but its high error - rate and large sequencing gaps have, until now, limited its use on human cells with their billions of nucleotides.

In an ambitious study, the authors attempt to trace drug resistance against all strains of the flu by using an extensive influenza virus database containing all known genetic sequence information (70,000 complete nucleotide sequences) for influenza strains.

During development, chromosomes are subject to chemical changes that don't affect the nucleotide sequence but can turn genes on or off; the best known example is methylation, in which a methyl group is attached to specific DNA regions.

Called the stairway plot, it models the frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in whole genome sequences of hundreds of individuals.

Cloning and sequencing of complementary DNA's from normal and WHHL rabbits, shows that this defect arises from an in - frame deletion of 12 nucleotides that eliminates four amino acids from the cysteine - rich ligand binding domain of the LDL receptor.

The study used whole - exome sequencing to characterize genetic alterations that occur at the single nucleotide level for all genes in 25 cell lines commonly used as models of bladder cancer.

This study further investigated the impact of nicotine use / smoking status and variation in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), specifically, an A118G single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, or DNA sequence variation), on the effects of naltrexone on a range of drinking outcomes.

The sugar alteration shortens the link between successive nucleotides by one atom, but a TNA molecule can still match its sequence with sequences of RNA and DNA, in addition to other molecules of TNA, the authors report in the 17 November issue of Science.

In some sequences, they systematically changed purine RNA nucleotides, containing the bases adenine or guanine, into the corresponding DNA purines.

Today, researchers at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta announced that they, too, had finished sequencing the virus's genome, and that it differed from the Canadian version in only 15 of its almost 30,000 nucleotides.