Sentences with phrase «number concentration»

And when modeling their behavior, they found that these pollution - modified particles have a large influence on cloud properties via ice crystal number concentration and ice water content.

Total number concentration was dominated by frequent new particle formation and particle growth events.

While large particles such as these do not contribute substantially to the particle number they do make a substantial contribution to particle mass, to number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei, and strongly affect radiative properties of the aerosol.

For instance, in a semiurban roadside environment, the NCA represented 20 — 54 % of the total particle number concentration in ambient air.

Explaining global surface aerosol number concentrations in terms of primary emissions and particle formation.

Researchers created new code commands to compute the cloud droplet number concentration using existing surface measurements

«Effects of Ice Number Concentration on Dynamics of a Shallow Mixed - Phase Stratiform Cloud.»

The soot mode number concentration was low with both fuels tested, in particular when HFO was used.

Emissions from an international airport increase particle number concentrations 4-fold at 10 km downwind.

In this way the CCN measures activated ambient aerosol particle number concentration as a function of supersaturation.

We examined the the April 8 case (flight 16), when the average ice nucleus concentration that was measured above the boundary layer substantially exceeded the average ice number concentration within the cloud layer, and the predominant ice habit was dendritic, which is a slow - falling crystal type.

The retrieved PSDs generally had lower concentrations of small ice particles, with total number concentration independent of temperature.

«A Case Study in Low Aerosol Number Concentrations Over the Eastern North Atlantic: Implications for Pristine Conditions in the Remote Marine Boundary Layer.»

Since the second figure appears hard to read: The vertical axis shows particle diameter (from 8 to 600 nm), the horizontal axis shows time (two days in total), color denotes number concentration, where blue is low, via green and yellow to red (= high).

However, we caution that these results do not imply that the ice formation problem is solved because several unique conditions favored agreement between simulated and observed ice crystal number concentrations in this case: overlying ice nucleus concentrations much greater than in - cloud ice crystal concentrations, very slow - falling ice crystals, and the possible presence of an ice nucleus reservoir below a decoupled surface layer.

... This study uses the GFDL GCM in conjunction with monthly mean sulfate climatology from the MOZART chemistry - transport model and relates cloud droplet number concentrations to sulfate mass concentrations using an empirical relationship [Boucher and Lohmann, 1995].

New results on the particle number concentrations in five European cities and in the whole of Europe

The particle number concentration also did not show an increase for RME; it even decreased substantially for ROR.

The proportion of diesel vehicles registered in Leipzig however rose from 19 to 26 % between 2010 and 2016 — with negative consequences: While black carbon and the number concentration of ultrafine particles decreased, the concentration of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) is stagnant and is still too high.

In one sentence: Researchers at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found that when miniscule particles of airborne dust, thought to be a perfect landing site for water vapor, are modified by pollution, they change cloud properties via ice crystal number concentration and ice water content.

In 100 characters: Pollution changes airborne dust, altering clouds» ice crystal number concentration and water content

Researchers analyzed the changes in ice water content, ice crystal number concentration, temperature, humidity, and cloud cover between the experiments for present - day and pre-industrial aerosols to identify the effects of human - caused ice formation particles (sulfate or black carbon) on the cirrus clouds and hydrological cycle.

Bubble rafts increase the optical reflectivity of the ocean and when bubbles burst, they launch seasalt particles that loft and increase the number concentration of cloud droplets in the marine boundary layer, thus increasing the reflectivity of stratocumulus.

Diurnal and annual characteristics of particle mass and number concentrations in urban, rural and Arctic environments in Finland.

According to theory (and computer models), seeding marine stratocumulus clouds with copious amounts of tiny sea water particles could significantly enhance cloud droplet number concentration, and thereby cloud reflectivity and longevity.

Because H2SO4 and MSA are known precursors to new particles, the number concentration of particles should also decrease significantly, as long as scavenging by existing particles is not important.

It is found that with a number concentration of aerosol particles of ∼ 102 — 103 cm − 3 (which corresponds to the aerosol density in the deposited layer of about 1 — 10 mg / m2 with the layer thickness along the ray path of about 100 m) the solar radiation attenuation with artificial aerosol layers accounts for 1 to 10 %.

We also note that agreement between observed and simulated ice crystal number concentrations in our study required the concentration of entrained ice nuclei to be much greater than the number concentration of ice crystals, which conflicts with studies that indicate that entrained ice nucleus concentrations are equal to in - cloud ice crystal concentrations.

New results on the particle number concentrations in five European cities and in the whole of Europe

An increase in aerosols of similar hygroscopicity leads to an increase in cloud droplet number concentration that reduces the precipitation efficiency for warm clouds.

The log normal distribution represents a counting of the number concentrations of aerosol particles of various sizes.

The color gives the (normalized) number concentration, where the red color indicates the enhanced concentration of nucleated particles, growing into the CCN size range.

This causes them to grow in size, but decreases their number concentration.