Fueled by a recent resurgence in public financing and compelling clinical data for indications as diverse as acute macular degeneration and pancreatic cancer, a growing
number of cell therapies are driving toward pivotal clinical studies and commercialization.
The number of cell therapies currently in phase 2 and phase 3 development and delivering promising results, however, evidences the industry's advancement toward a commercial state.
Not exact matches
These risks and uncertainties include: Gilead's ability to achieve its anticipated full year 2018 financial results; Gilead's ability to sustain growth in revenues for its antiviral and other programs; the risk that private and public payers may be reluctant to provide, or continue to provide, coverage or reimbursement for new products, including Vosevi, Yescarta, Epclusa, Harvoni, Genvoya, Odefsey, Descovy, Biktarvy and Vemlidy ®; austerity measures in European countries that may increase the amount
of discount required on Gilead's products; an increase in discounts, chargebacks and rebates due to ongoing contracts and future negotiations with commercial and government payers; a larger than anticipated shift in payer mix to more highly discounted payer segments and geographic regions and decreases in treatment duration; availability
of funding for state AIDS Drug Assistance Programs (ADAPs); continued fluctuations in ADAP purchases driven by federal and state grant cycles which may not mirror patient demand and may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; market share and price erosion caused by the introduction
of generic versions
of Viread and Truvada, an uncertain global macroeconomic environment; and potential amendments to the Affordable Care Act or other government action that could have the effect
of lowering prices or reducing the
number of insured patients; the possibility
of unfavorable results from clinical trials involving investigational compounds; Gilead's ability to initiate clinical trials in its currently anticipated timeframes; the levels
of inventory held by wholesalers and retailers which may cause fluctuations in Gilead's earnings; Kite's ability to develop and commercialize
cell therapies utilizing the zinc finger nuclease technology platform and realize the benefits
of the Sangamo partnership; Gilead's ability to submit new drug applications for new product candidates in the timelines currently anticipated; Gilead's ability to receive regulatory approvals in a timely manner or at all, for new and current products, including Biktarvy; Gilead's ability to successfully commercialize its products, including Biktarvy; the risk that physicians and patients may not see advantages
of these products over other
therapies and may therefore be reluctant to prescribe the products; Gilead's ability to successfully develop its hematology / oncology and inflammation / respiratory programs; safety and efficacy data from clinical studies may not warrant further development
of Gilead's product candidates, including GS - 9620 and Yescarta in combination with Pfizer's utomilumab; Gilead's ability to pay dividends or complete its share repurchase program due to changes in its stock price, corporate or other market conditions; fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate
of the U.S. dollar that may cause an unfavorable foreign currency exchange impact on Gilead's future revenues and pre-tax earnings; and other risks identified from time to time in Gilead's reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the SEC).
For the present,
of course, even somatic
cell therapies will be very few, but their
number will grow.
Despite the presumed virulence
of the strain — experiments with mouse lungs showed it produces 1000 times more bacteria in infected
cells than do standard varieties — Valway says the
number of TB cases that developed were kept in line with other typical outbreaks, which «shows that doing good contact investigations is important and preventative
therapy works.»
«The results show we can now produce the
number of cells needed for human
therapy and get formation
of new heart muscle on a scale that is relevant to improving the function
of the human heart,» Laflamme said.
In an effort to expand the
number of cancer gene mutations that can be specifically targeted with personalized
therapies, researchers at University
of California San Diego School
of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center looked for combinations
of mutated genes and drugs that together kill cancer
cells.
On the flipside, targeting this growth factor or BCL - 2 could reduce NK
cell numbers and offer potential
therapies for immune disorders such as some types
of autoimmune diseases, sepsis or graft versus host disease, a side effect
of bone marrow transplants.
The
number of extracted tumor
cells allows conclusions to be drawn with respect to the success
of therapy and the future course
of the disease.
The researchers conclude this technique could eventually lead to new ways to prepare vast
numbers of cells for the coordinated manufacture
of gene
therapies.
As in the former case, after being treated with telomerase gene
therapy «the telomeres in the peripheral blood in these mice also lengthened and the
number of blood
cells increased considerably,» write the authors.
Knowing which
cells are best for the
therapy should not only improve patient outcome, but also reduce the
number of cells required, which would further reduce both the time
of the preparation and invasiveness
of the procedure.
However, these
therapies often fail because insufficient
numbers of T
cells reach the tumor.
But if even a small
number of mutant mitochondria are retained after the transfer — a common occurrence — they can outcompete healthy mitochondria in a child's
cells and potentially cause the disease the
therapy was designed to avoid, experiments suggest.
Robert Beall becomes CEO
of the CFF and, grasping the limitations
of gene
therapy, invests $ 3.2 million in Aurora Biosciences Corp., where
cell physiologist Paul Negulescu begins to look for a chemical cure using high - throughput methods to test large
numbers of potential drugs.
A
number of research teams are putting other experimental stem
cell therapies through stringent clinical trials.
This is both a useful tool for giving us a better understanding
of the genetic and epigenetic program controlling the self - renewal
of stem
cells, and on a practical side, it could allow us to inexpensively produce large
numbers of immune
cells, which could then be used for regenerative medicine or immune
therapy.»
The ability to make expand the
number of iNKT
cells is expected to advance cancer
therapies.
«The successful retrieval
of memories in AD mice by increasing the
number of spines for normal memory processing only in the memory
cells, rather than in a broad population
of cells, highlights the importance
of highly - targeted manipulation
of neurons and their circuits for future
therapies.
Research into Stem
Cells has grown exponentially over the past two decades and has already yielded successful or promising
therapies for a
number of diseases.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone gene gene expression gene mapping gene pool gene
therapy gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ
cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial
cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet
cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's
number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
China leads the total
number of clinical - stage CAR - T
cell therapies, whereas US has the largest
number of pre-clinical agents.
Derivation
of pluripotent stem
cells, either
of embryonic origin or following genetic reprogramming, has opened the path for an alternative source for epidermal
cell therapy as these
cells are both immortal and pluripotent, theoretically capable
of providing any requested
number of cells of any desired phenotype.
Through the UCSD Clinical Cardiovascular
Cell Therapy program, Dib and collaborating cardiology faculty plan to conduct clinical studies in a number of areas, including the effectiveness of adult stem cell transplant as a treatment for congestive heart failure; as a way to minimize heart damage after a heart attack; and in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to increase blood flow to the heart for patients experiencing chest p
Cell Therapy program, Dib and collaborating cardiology faculty plan to conduct clinical studies in a
number of areas, including the effectiveness
of adult stem
cell transplant as a treatment for congestive heart failure; as a way to minimize heart damage after a heart attack; and in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to increase blood flow to the heart for patients experiencing chest p
cell transplant as a treatment for congestive heart failure; as a way to minimize heart damage after a heart attack; and in the formation
of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) to increase blood flow to the heart for patients experiencing chest pain.
Success is totally dependent on resolving a
number of factors unique to
cells as
therapies, including: manufacturing, enabling technologies, regulation, reimbursement and essential infrastructure.
But efforts to develop adoptive T
cell therapies for solid tumors have hit upon a
number of challenges; the only gene
therapies to show significant benefit for patients have been in liquid tumors — forms
of leukemia and lymphoma.
Often the feasibility
of using stem
cells for regenerative
therapies is limited by two factors: obtaining a significant
number of cells and doing so in a relatively noninvasive manner.
It aims at producing
cell lines that are to be broadly available for manufacturing
cell therapies matching the widest possible
number of récipients.
Not so long ago, human embryonic stem
cell (hESC) research and SCNT were being hailed as the future
of regenerative medicine, capable
of generating cures and
therapies for any
number of diseases and conditions.
A
number of adult stem
cell therapies already exist, particularly bone marrow transplants that are used to treat leukemia.
«The successful retrieval
of memories in AD mice by increasing the
number of spines for normal memory processing only in the memory
cells, rather than in a broad population
of cells, highlights the importance
of highly - targeted manipulation
of neurons and their circuits for future
therapies,» said Tonegawa in a statement.
Future
therapies will have to be based on strategies that act by reducing or increasing the
number or activity
of specific subtypes
of pre - and postsynaptic receptors, transporters, and ion channels, or other membrane molecules at the synapse, and by strategies that exploit the new possibilities offered by stem
cell technology and targeted repair.
The findings have implications for the design
of cancer vaccines and what are called adoptive T
cell therapies; when T
cells are collected from a patient and grown in the laboratory, increasing in
number before they are given back to the patient to help the immune system fight disease.
Chris is on a
number of national and international committees, working groups and initiatives related to the academic, clinical translation and commercialization
of cell and gene therapies including; Founder and CEO of the London Regenerative Medicine Network (LRMN), Founding Member of the UK - Israel Science Council, Scientific Advisory Board of the UK Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, Strategic Advisory Board of the Canadian Centre for the Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), and Scientific Advisory Board of the Canadian Stem Cell Netw
cell and gene
therapies including; Founder and CEO
of the London Regenerative Medicine Network (LRMN), Founding Member
of the UK - Israel Science Council, Scientific Advisory Board
of the UK
Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult, Strategic Advisory Board of the Canadian Centre for the Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), and Scientific Advisory Board of the Canadian Stem Cell Netw
Cell and Gene
Therapy Catapult, Strategic Advisory Board
of the Canadian Centre for the Commercialization
of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM), and Scientific Advisory Board
of the Canadian Stem
Cell Netw
Cell Network.
Adult stem
cell therapy has been shown in a
number of clinical trials to slow and, in some cases, even reverse heart deterioration in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Based on positive results produced from a
number of scientific clinical trials, coronary artery disease
therapy using adult stem
cells is a promising new method
of treatment for coronary artery disease patients.
These findings will enable increasing
numbers of researchers across the world to use these stem -
cell like
cells to study disease and explore potential regenerative
therapies.
A limited
number of activities will also be directed toward the public to promote the level
of understanding for informed decisions and to present the possibilities and problems that surround stem
cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases.
We will explore topics such as how policies differ globally, the challenge
of steering through the regulatory landscape for both academic researchers and manufacturers, and the
number of unproven
cell therapies being advertised on the market.
Cell therapies are a growing area
of interest for the treatment
of a
number of indications such as neurological, cardiovascular, and ophthalmological maladies that are refractory to other more conventional drug
therapies.
UNITY is developing a
number of therapies intended to selectively eliminate senescent
cells and restore tissue to a more functionally healthy state, thereby addressing the underlying causes
of age - associated diseases.
To inform further DST development for
cell therapies, we examined existing process systems along a
number of dimensions: e.g.,
cell type, process scale, modeling techniques used, and degree
of validation.
A
number of treatments exist, including enzyme replacement
therapy and hematopoietic stem
cell transplantation, but efficacy depends upon diagnosing the disease and its specific form as early as possible.
Therapy using live
cells is increasingly used to replace damaged tissue, deliver gene
therapies to target tissues and organs, and stimulate self - healing along with a
number of other applications.
In Sabrina's poster, she showed that patients with a low
number of different types
of T -
cells (a type
of immune
cell which has different versions to fight different infections / diseases; called a T -
cell repertoire or TCR) in their blood at start
of treatment were more likey to respond to anti-PD1
therapy, and had a poor response to anti-CTLA4
therapy.
December 13, 2011 Molecular markers can predict spread
of cancer, guide treatment Molecular markers found in cancer
cells that have spread from a primary tumor to a limited
number of distant sites can help physicians predict which patients with metastatic cancer will benefit from aggressive, targeted radiation
therapy.
They suggest that further research should be performed over a longer time period and in a greater
number of animals to determine whether these improvements are maintained, and look forward to further work utilizing membrane - spanning peptides for presentation
of bioactive molecules for stem
cell therapy.
Additionally, the greater the
number of these trunk neoantigens, the more likely the patient will respond to immune checkpoint inhibitor
therapy, an antibody - based intervention that unleashes T
cells to attack tumors.
And the good news is there are a
number of treatment options available including camouflage using make - up and self tanning lotions; micro-tattooing may be useful for small stable areas
of vitiligo such as face, lips and hands; light
therapy; the transfer
of a patient's own pigment
cells from unaffected skin into the vitiligo - affected
cells and laser treatments.
With a minimal 2 - hour
therapy period, this study found that castor oil packs produced a «significant» temporary increase in the
number of T - 11
cells that increased over a 7 hour period following treatment and then returned to normal levels within 24 hours later.