Sentences with phrase «number of degrees of»

2) the number of degrees of freedom in climate models is almost certainly more than any other model (after all, were doing the whole earth here).

If the trends are meaningless at 8 years, they are most likely meaningless at 30 years also, as well as 800 years, 8000 years etc. etc; you have to take the scaling behaviour into account when forming the null hypothesis (and, unlike Gavin's illustrations, make sure you are not restricting the number of degrees of freedom at longer scales by applying the test on the same length of data!)

This relationship of CO2 to warming is usually called sensitivity, and is often expressed as the number of degrees of global warming that would result from a doubling in global CO2 concentrations.

That reduces the number of degrees of freedom, and reduces the t - value.

Hence, to replicate the regional gridded value the raw temperatures could be adjusted to correct for the local characteristic, (with a low level of confidence, due to the number of degrees of freedom), or you could simply note the degree of change.

We started to speak as if global warming causes climate change, as if the number of degrees of warming were diagnostic in some sense of what would happen to us.

«1) The heat capacity of a gas is, to a first approximation, a function of the number of degrees of freedom...»

Using the method detailed in Ripley (1987) and Neal (1993) we find the number of degrees of freedom (df) to be 4 in the CR flux dataset and 7 in the globally averaged low cloud dataset.

I have seen corrections using a reduction in the number of degrees of freedom in calculating confidence intervals due to autocorrelations of data, but I do not have a finger on how or when to make the correction.

Of course with the number of degrees of freedom you have introduced the fit looks good but to show an extrapolation of the fit is absurd and not a mistake I would expect of an undergraduate.

The number of degrees of freedom?

That way you might be able to understand how the heat capacity at constant volume is related to the number of degrees of freedom available to store heat at the molecular level (instead of stating that it doesn't depend on them, which is simply incorrect).

is Avogadro's number — you could use the molecular heat capacity and insert the number of degrees of freedom of the gas and write this whole thing in a different form with the temperature explicitly inserted, but it is not zero.

The other problem is a mathematical one, in terms of how you actually evaluate with observations a model with a very large number of degrees of freedom that is nonlinear / chaotic as well.

And as soon as we increase the number of degrees of freedom, the models fail miserably (e.g. Anagnostopoulos 2010).

Clearly, like Spence UK rightly said, the number of the degrees of freedom will be large.

A model can be a good model given a certain amount of degrees of freedom and not at another number of degrees of freedom, but if the model is based on the first amount of degrees of freedom it can still be a good model.

The number of degrees of freedom is associated with the test vector with which the models are validated, and defines how challenging the test is.

The number of degrees of freedom in any model or theory of the climate system far swamps that of sub-atomic particles or genomes.

I'm not really that familiar with the efforts that have been made to validate the hindcast of global climate models, BUT if they are skillful with respect to the number of degrees of freedom they use and predict, then they are skillful.

Firstly, they increase the number of degrees of freedom by moving from 30 - year smoothing to decadal tests.

In summary: models are not set up to be skillful for a number of degrees of freedom, they are designed to be skillful at a particular scale and time horizon.

There should be a relationship between the number of degrees of freedoms the model uses and the validation tests that determine whether it is skillful or not.

My current plan is to double F3's frequency (which will double the number of degrees of freedom in the image of F3 assuming the same SNR) while cutting back on parameters, maybe down to 6.

Second, the data is heavily smoothed [4 - year sliding window which reduces the number of degrees of freedom enormously and makes the data points very dependent on each other].

Leif Svalgaard, wrote [of Le Mouël, Blanter, Shnirman, & Courtillot (2010)-RSB-, «Second, the data is heavily smoothed [4 - year sliding window which reduces the number of degrees of freedom enormously and makes the data points very dependent on each other].»

Only the number of degrees of freedom counts when judging questions of overfitting etc..

This will further improve the number of degrees of freedom in the image of F3.

[Response: Estimates of the error due to sampling are available from the very high resolution weather models and from considerations of the number of degrees of freedom in the annual surface temperature anomaly (it's less than you think).

What I'm trying to get at is that although the problem with records is clearly the arbitrarily large number of degrees of freedom that they invoke.

The answer is that while the number of explicit or implicit input parameters into a GCM is in the hundreds at least, the number of degrees of freedom in the output model is enormous.

The effective number of degrees of freedom is reduced because of overlapping data.

Making things more difficult, stock returns are highly correlated from one year to the next, reducing the effective number of degrees of freedom.

Finally, because of the high amount of randomness in year - to - year returns (single years), the data have an adequate number of degrees of freedom.

The number of degrees of freedom is adequate.

This means that torque is applied over a greater number of degrees of crankshaft rotation.

There are a number of degrees of networking difficulty, and like any new skill, you'll want to get comfortable before you remove the training wheels.

The probable release of water molecules from the hydration layer of ions caused by cluster formation may result in an increased number of degrees of freedom of the system.

But the attempt to reduce living systems to such, that is to say formal reductionism, fails in part because the number of possible combinations or classifications is generally immensely larger than the number of degrees of freedom.

To test that I varied the data sources, the time periods used, the importance of spatial auto - correlation on the effective numbers of degree of freedom, and most importantly, I looked at how these methodologies stacked up in numerical laboratories (GCM model runs) where I knew the answer already.

Not exact matches

A comprehensive guide to Canada's 39 MBA school with data on average GMAT score, total enrolment, total number of faculty, percentage of female students, percentage of international students, standard degree length and tuition fees.

One degree may not sound like much, but Stefan Rahmstorf, a climate scientist at the Potsdam Institute in Germany, says, «Every tenth of a degree increases the number of unprecedented extreme weather events considerably.»

While a number of institutions offer joint law and management degrees, this year Odette launched an MBA / Dual JD degree, which allows students to earn legal qualifications in both Canada (with Windsor) and the U.S. (with University of Detroit - Mercy).

SmartAsset looked at the median earnings for full - time working women, as well as the number of women with high - level degrees and those who own businesses.

Women's participation in business and MBA programs has grown more than five-fold since the 1970s, and the increase in the number of engineering degrees granted to women has grown almost tenfold.

Several Canadian universities offer specialized degrees in actuarial studies to enter the financial and insurance business; there are a smaller number of master's degrees cropping up aimed at applying data sciences to a wider range of fields, along with some certificate programs aimed at professionals already working in business.

But, be prepared for competition in this field, since the number of graduates with a bachelor's degree in urban planning tripled from 2001 to 2011, while graduates with a master's degree doubled, according to Service Canada.

A number of manufacturers are also trying to solve the riddle — to varying degrees of success.

Over time, an increasing number of employers are going to see the value of online courses over traditional, more general, degrees.

I've run marketing for a number of high - tech companies and my degrees are technical, as well.