Sentences with phrase «number of molecules»

The device measures the amount of carbon dioxide in dry air, and expresses the result as number of molecules per million, usually called parts per million.

And this is very, very important to chemistry because chemistry has traditionally been about studying a large number of molecules and the effect that they have.

The device measures the number of alcohol molecules it can «see» versus the total number of molecules in the sample, and then calculates a percentage.

Our goal is to make biology quantitative, because a fundamental goal of biology is to know the absolute number of molecules in a cell.

For CO2, the mass has also been converted to an equivalent atmospheric concentration in parts per million of number of molecules of CO2 with respect to molecules of dry air (ppm / year), assuming a conversion factor of 2.086 PgC / ppm.

All gas samples have the same number of molecules per unit volume at a given pressure and temperature, whether the gas is helium or nitrogen (the primary constituent of air).

There is a finite number of molecules but a practically infinite number of infrared photons impinging continuously on them.

I'm really busy, so I haven't had time to finish it (in particular renormalizing the DALR, which has to be evaluated numerically from and set so that it has the same integrated number of molecules and surface pressure and temperature as the isotropic case to get the right boundary conditions for both, but I should finish that in a few days.

The molar density of a gas tells you the average number of molecules per cubic metre of the gas.

The expansion laterally increases pressure laterally but pressure from above stays the same because even if the atmosphere were to expand there would be the same number of molecules above the air parcel.

You make yourself appear stupid every time you make reference to relative number of molecules, Pope.

However, the Nobel prizewinners worked mainly with large numbers of molecules in solution, Joachim says, whereas the researchers in this race are focusing on the interactions between single molecules and solid surfaces.

We will not only evaluate the eye for disease, but also measure a large number of molecules in the urine that may be used as a foundation for future medical tests for AMD.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique which can be used to create many copies of an initially small number of molecules.

On this thread I instead emphasized that the rate of mean kinetic - energy change with altitude — which I call lapse rate, as you don't consider proper — remains non-zero for any finite number of molecules (more precisely, for any finite total system energy).

In brief, for each molecule at each wavelength, the total optical thickness is equal to the total number of molecules in the path x the absorption coefficient (which is a function of wavelength).

By counting the number of molecules that evaporated, they could calculate the energy of each cluster before it was zapped.

What is new is using it to create a sensor that can measure an effect rather than just a number of molecules.

«The good news, however, is that this process is reversible, and we identified a number of molecules involved in this pathway that might be targeted to help push these new duct - like cells back into acinar cells, thus eliminating the risk of cancer development.»

The idea, says biomedical engineer and study leader Donald Ingber, was to create a way to do high - throughput screening — used by the pharmaceutical industry to screen large numbers of molecules — but in a system that's biologically closer to human tissue than to a petri dish.

In the earths atmosphere, pressure, which is related to the number of molecules per unit volume, decreases exponentially with altitude.

They found that argon restricts the number of molecules that adsorb onto the ruthenium surface.

To arrive at these findings, the researchers tested a number of molecules that are also used within organic solar cell research at Chalmers.

Until now, however, elucidating the structure of membrane proteins has been very difficult since it first requires researchers to isolate large numbers of these molecules and form crystals from them.

Carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are measured in parts per million, the number of molecules of carbon dioxide there are in every million molecules of air.

The basic reason for this dependence on bubble size is that whereas the volume of the bubble is proportional to the number of molecules inside (at constant pressure), the surface area of the bubble is proportional to the number of molecules to the 2/3 power.

Multicomponent reactions are methods which are superior in economy and efficiency to methods of bonding molecules by repeating reactions, but it was necessary to control the number of molecules to be bonded and locations of the bonds, so their applications were limited.

The efficiency of the singlet fission process appears to rely heavily on the number of molecules packed within each repeating pattern or «motif» in the crystal, and on a particular type of symmetry that in which there is a 180 - degree rotation and mirroring of these motifs.

In order to understand this concept, let us first consider a simpler analogous picture: When an ice cube is placed into a micro-wave oven, the latter excites the water molecules, hence leading to a progressive melting of the ice; during this heating process, the number of molecules that form the ice decreases in time, a process which can be quantified by a heating rate.

For example, next - generation sequencing can be used to read the complete genetic information of a biological sample, DNA chips directly measure the activity of thousands of genes simultaneously, mass spectrometry characterizes proteins expressed in a tissue, high - resolution imaging tracks changes in cell cultures, and high - throughput screening characterizes the biological activity of a large number of molecules.

Candidates are several members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, and our laboratory is focusing on a number of these molecules.

Also, the overall number of ozone molecules destroyed in a vertical column of air was pretty much the same as the number of molecules transported into this column by the average poleward and downward transport of air in the stratosphere.

Michael Croft, Ph.D., and his team focus on a number of molecules that are members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) family, a group of proteins believed to play important roles in the ability of the immune system to guard the body against harmful microorganisms.

Concentration units are parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb), indicating the number of molecules of the greenhouse gas per million or billion molecules of air.

Whether being lesser than CO2 in number of molecules in the atmosphere, methane is a potent greenhouse gas absorbing more infra - red radiation per molecule than CO2.

He decided to study very large patterns, which can be found in huge data sets, such as the number of molecules in the human body or the number of someone's Facebook friends.