EIP showed favorable impacts on 8 outcomes, including fewer days and episodes
of hospitalization, relative to those in the comparison group, covering a range
of 6 weeks to 2 years
postpartum.13, 23,24 EIP also showed a favorable effect on the percentage
of children who were adequately immunized by 1 year, but the difference was no longer statistically significant by 2 years.13, 24 Early Start demonstrated favorable effects on 3 outcomes, including percentage who received well - child visits and dental service.25 — 27 HFA had favorable results for 4 health care outcomes, such as the
number of well - child visits and whether the child had health insurance.28 — 31 HFA had an unfavorable effect on the
number of pediatric emergency department (ED) visits.32 The research showed that Healthy Steps had a beneficial effect on 2 outcomes: 1 -
month well - child visits and diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and pertussis vaccinations.33 Finally, NFP had favorable results on 3 outcomes measuring the
number of ED visits at different follow - ups but an unfavorable / ambiguous effect on
number of days hospitalized between 25 and 50
months.34, 35 The research on 2 programs (Oklahoma's CBFRS and PAT) showed no effects on measures
of health care use or coverage.36 — 40 The research on 5 programs (Child FIRST, EHS, Family Check - Up, HIPPY, and PALS for Infants) did not report health care coverage or usage outcomes.