The main benefit of using dumbbells is that it requires you to engage a greater
number of muscles compared to the barbell and machine variant and actually activates the lower fibers of the chest press better than a barbell press — since your hands are free to move across your body when you use dumbbells, the lower pecs get a better workout.
Not exact matches
Instead, it appears to be related to a much more fundamental metabolic constraint: the length
of time required for the animal to reach its theoretical maximum speed, based on the
number of «fast twitch»
muscle fiber cells in the creature's
muscles, as
compared to the length
of time it takes for those cells to run out
of readily available energy.
Quantification
of total fiber
number from laminin / DAPI - stained sections revealed a 28 % greater
number of total
muscle fibers in EDL
muscles and a 29 % greater
number of total
muscle fibers in TA
muscles from IL - 15Rα — KO mice
compared with B6129 controls (Figure 6, A and E).
(E) The total
number of muscle fibers counted in laminin - stained TA
muscle sections from IL - 15Ra — KO mice was greater
compared with B6129 control.
However, I did obtain a
number of female Z116A transgenic mice that were heterozygous for the myostatin mutation, and as shown in Table 1 and Figure 2a, these mice exhibited further increases in
muscle weights
compared to Z116A mice that were wild type for myostatin.
Adipose tissue within
muscle contained significant
numbers of F4 / 80 + macrophages, and the percentage
of F4 / 80 + cells within this adipose tissue was markedly increased in obese mice
compared with lean mice (41 % ± 4 %
of macrophages vs. 12 % ± 2 %
of macrophages, respectively; P < 0.005, mean ± SD)(Figure 4).
(A) The total
number of muscle fibers in laminin - stained EDL
muscle sections from IL - 15Ra — KO mice was greater
compared with B6129 control.
The reason for this is that compound exercises target a
number of large
muscle groups, resulting with the recruitment
of many different
muscle fibers,
compared to isolation exercises that are designed to target specific small
muscle groups.
For instance, I just noticed an article in the current issue
of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise that
compares the
number of «motor units» in the
muscles of masters runners (average age 65) with age - matched controls, and with a younger group (average age 25).
Handa et al. (2005)
compared a
number of upper body pulling exercises including the upright row, seated cable row, bent - over row and lat pull - down to the front or rear, to investigate the effect on peak
muscle activity.
Comparing the effect
of load type, Bergquist (2015) investigated the
muscle activity during a
number of exercises performed with either isoinertial (dumbbells) or elastic loading.
Often (but not always), when the body has a greater percentage
of fat
compared to lean
muscle mass, the body appears heavier than when that
number is lower.
External oblique
muscle activity is higher during a
number of dynamic isolation exercises
compared to the sit up and curl up including the kneeling roll out, horizontal side bend, jack knife, hanging leg raise.
A small
number of studies have
compared the triceps
muscle activity during different pressing exercises.
Konrad et al. (2001)
compared a
number of gymnastic exercises and found that the horizontal straight leg anchored side bend displayed the highest external oblique
muscle activity, followed by the reverse curl up Escamilla et al. (2006)
compared the power wheel roll out (power wheel in hands), jack knife and knee - tuck (power wheel attached to feet), the ab sling bent - leg hanging leg raise, the flat and decline reverse curl up, the anchored bent leg sit up, and bent leg curl up.
Boehler (2011)
compared a
number of triceps exercises to investigate the
muscle activity
of the long and lateral heads.
Comparing compound exercises and trunk flexion exercises, Aspe et al. (2014) explored rectus abdominis
muscle activity in a
number of exercises including the front and overhead squat performed with 90 %
of 3RM, as well as the swiss ball jack knife and straight - leg sit up.