Sentences with phrase «number of photons»

The current experiments use such a small number of photons that it would take a standard laptop a fraction of a second to make the same calculation.

When the system reaches equilibrium, the same number of photons will leave the gas column as enter.

Their example of a difficult certification problem is sorting a defined number of photons after they have gone through a defined arrangement of several optical elements.

That is, there are X number of photons.

They also capitalized on another aspect of light: The exact number of photons emitted by a source at any instant is fundamentally unpredictable.

There are only a finite number of photons of the right wavelengths, and not all of them will hit particular molecules since they are spread out... Thus the «ad infinitum» part of your argument does not apply and there is no problem with CO2 absorbing radiation to take it above the temperature of the atmosphere.

With increasing size of the optical arrangement and increasing numbers of photons sent on their way, the number of possible paths and distributions of the photons at the end rises steeply as a result of the uncertainty principle which underlies quantum mechanics — so that there can be no prediction of the exact probability using the computers available to us today.

He predicted a «superradiant» state, where, when large numbers of photons or quanta are put into a system with many atoms, the decay becomes much faster than for a single atom in isolation.

Morris calls the work «exciting» but notes that due to the very low total numbers of photons used in the analysis, of the dozen putative black holes some might actually merely be statistical flukes produced by coincidentally timed emissions from other sources.

Conventional near - infrared semiconductor detector systems are limited by low sensitivity and high error rates and can not count numbers of photons.

So the crystal's serrations helped it capture a decent number of photons despite its small number of atoms.

This suggests that the superposition had finally collapsed into a well - defined, and now measured, state, with a particular number of photons.

If a sufficient number of these photons can be measured with a detector, a characteristic diffraction pattern is obtained which can be used to derive the pattern of scattered atoms or the crystal structure.

In the end, the maximum possible number of photon - sucking strings wouldn't make much difference to the black hole's lifespan over the age of the universe.

A point to keep in mind - although PA - FPs are vastly improved over the conventional FPs for super-resolution imaging, they still do not emit the large number of photons achievable with photoswitchable dyes.

So you pick a material, like silicon, that's a good compromise — one that catches a decent number of photons but doesn't waste too much energy as heat, Friedman says.

Many biological specimens, like the fruit fly embryo, are so opaque that they scatter large numbers of photons, filling pictures with static.

The degree to which the electrons move out of kilter indicates the number of photons present.

Physicists realize things are out of kilter because they can literally count the number of photons — particles of energy — in the universe today and compare that with the total number of matter particles.

Any deviation would limit the number of photons reaching the target.

The system relies on the number of photons in the first chamber being even, so an error is introduced if one photon is lost, which happens naturally over time.

He doubts that the effect has any practical use because it doesn't generate large numbers of photons, but he considers it a nice demonstration of quantum mechanics.

Because one of the leading techniques is the manipulation of small numbers of photons, one critical need has been for a highly efficient photon counter that can measure the number of photons in a pulse of light.

An amplifier for such a light would increase the brightness by increasing the number of photons emitted.

The kicks add up to produce a «scattering» force, which is proportional to the momentum of each photon and the number of photons that the atom scatters per second.

«Quantum manipulation power for quantum information processing gets a boost: Improving the efficiency of quantum heat engines involves reducing the number of photons in a cavity, ultimately impacting quantum manipulation power.»

This implies the need to reduce the number of photons to improve the efficiency of these engines, so that we can increase the quantum manipulation power and realise quantum information processing based on atom - cavity systems.

The authors found that their heat engine model only yields high efficiency and output power when the number of photons involved is small; accordingly, its efficiency and power output rapidly decrease as the number of photons increases.

The complexity of these computations depends on the number of photons processed simultaneously.

In the past, researchers have focused on maximizing the electrical current flowing inside of the solar cell, rather than maximizing the number of photons emitted when light hits the surface of the cell.

One might think that a similar mechanism would be observed when the number of photons creating the two waves were reduced to a minimum, that is to a single reference photon and a single photon reflected by the object.

A sub-Poissonian statistics, which shows less fluctuations in the number of photons, is however a genuine quantum effect and an important evidence of effective photon - photon interactions induced by the atom - cavity coupling.

One way to measure how an object's brightness changes is to count the number of photons it emits over time.

And then they knew that the question we were trying to answer was just figuring out the number of photons, and since we knew the total energy in one second, we could compute the number of photons by division.

The signals are sampled in time (i.e., distance) and after various corrections are proportional to the product of the number of photons emitted by the number of backscattering molecules.

Each molecule excepts a number of photons.