Sentences with phrase «number of standard deviations»

Subjects» scores were normed to a community sample of 414 adolescent females (i.e. number of standard deviations from the community sample mean).

We converted CBCL Inattention Problems scores into norm deviation scores using CBCL norm scores for preschool children (Achenbach and Rescorla 2000; i.e., values reflect the number of standard deviations the child scores above or below the population norm), which in turn were converted to SDQ Hyperactivity and Inattention scores using SDQ norm scores for children aged 2 to 7 (NHIS 2001).

A visual representation of volatility indicates the number of standard deviations a strike is from the ATM futures price, while offering the ability to chart open interest and volume.

For each window, we calculated the Z - score or the number of standard deviations departing from the median FST over all windows, the proportion of fixed differences versus shared polymorphisms, and also the absolute number of fixed differences.

Z - scores standardize the data to represent the number of standard deviations above or below the long - term average.

These upper and lower bands are set above and below the moving average by a certain number of standard deviations of price, thus incorporating volatility.

Not exact matches

If we take a look at the numbers another way, by price to sales, the average 2017 forward ratio is around 5.95 with a standard deviation of around 3.5.

Calculation to determine the necessary number of resident participants used estimations of knowledge from previous studies of pediatric residents, which suggested a baseline knowledge about breastfeeding of 60 percentage points.8, 9,15 To detect an improvement in knowledge score of 20 percentage points with an estimated standard deviation of 20 points, a 2 - tailed α error of 0.05 and a power of 0.80, sample size was calculated at a minimum of 16 resident participants.

Third, 52 MPs receive a budget for accommodation in their constituency, which varies between # 10,400 and # 18,625 (averaging # 13,300, standard deviation of # 2,600) depending on the constituency band and number of dependants (an extra allowance of # 2,425 is paid for each dependant).

Just one entry, from expert number 5, stands out apart from the rest with a very low estimate 0.3 K for the sensitivity asserted with an amazingly low «standard deviation» (confidence interval) of 0.2 K.

Haldanes were calculated as h =[ (ln (x2) / sln x2) − (ln (x1) / sln x2)-RSB- / g, where ln (x1) and ln (x2) are the ln - transformed sample means of head length at the beginning and the end of the study period, respectively, sln x1 and sln x2 are the pooled standard deviations of ln (x1) and ln (x2), respectively, and g is the number of generations between the beginning and the end of the study period (years divided by generation length).

Those students are scoring, on average, 10 percent of a standard deviation better than they would have otherwise, and since each peer evaluator evaluates 10 to 15 teachers each year, those gains are occurring in multiple teachers» classrooms for a number of years.

The retention numbers are percent increase in retention of a one standard deviation higher value - added teacher in SIG schools relative to non-SIG schools.

«For every one percent of a public school's students who leave for a charter,» concludes Mr. Winters, «reading proficiency among those who remain increases by about 0.02 standard deviations, a small but not insignificant number, in view of the widely held suspicion that the impact on local public schools... would be negative.»

There are also achievement tests, which offer a standard score, that is a score based on a mean of 100, and a standard deviation of some number, commonly 15 or 16, to match the Wechsler or Stanford Binet, respectively.

Indeed, the magnitude of that growth has been strikingly consistent across a number of sites and research methodologies: the average teacher's effectiveness improves between.05 and.08 student - level standard deviations between their first and third years of teaching.

He rests this claim on the fact that, on average, black students in poverty perform eight hundredths of a standard deviations better in math and six - hundredths of a standard deviation better in reading when they are in charter schools, while the numbers for Hispanic students in poverty are, respectively, seven - hundredths and thirty - five hundredths of a standard deviation.

Raddr's precise definition in terms of the standard deviation after a selected number of years makes sense.

(Sharpe's numbers were 83 % for matching the return of buy - and - hold and 74 % to match the standard deviation.

If you believe as we do that risk can not be adequately explained by a single number such as standard deviation of return, but is rather the potential for the respective portfolios to face future capital impairment, it becomes important to compare the fundamental character of the manager's portfolio to that of the benchmark.

The higher the number, the greater the volatility; for a stock fund that has an average annual return of 12 % and a standard deviation of 20 %, you can expect to earn between 32 % and -8 % in about two out of every three years.

The calculated performance number can be volatility adjusted, in which case the model adjusts the asset return performance by calculating the average daily return over the timing period divided by the standard deviation of daily total returns over the volatility window period.

In Edwin J. Elton and Martin J. Gruber's book «Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis,» they concluded that the average standard deviation (risk) of a single stock portfolio was 49.2 percent, while increasing the number of stocks in the average well - balanced portfolio could reduce the portfolio's standard deviation to a maximum of 19.2 percent (this number represents market risk).

To show a relationship between excess return and risk, this number is then divided by the standard deviation of the portfolio's annualized excess returns.

The percentage spread (standard deviation) of the annualized return of stocks falls faster than 1 / (the square root of N), where N is the number of years.

Just a minor statistical note without knowing how these numbers relate to reality: If you compare two measurements with standard deviation of 6, the standard deviation of the difference is not 12 but sqrt (2) * 6 = 8.5.

There are any number of other statistics one can also use — the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean, the range, and so on.

But the SEM is standard deviation of the results divided by the number of measurements... so your individual errors are indeed accounted for, whether they are random or are from other sources.

As a test of whether 1.5 mK is significant, one could ask what standard deviation can be achieved by replacing the three AGW parameters by seven new shape parameters (in addition to the three I used, thereby bringing the total number of shape parameters to ten).

In Scott's method, the bin width wk is given by 3.49 × σ / m1 / 3, where σ and m, respectively indicate the standard deviation of ΔS and number of random observations (Scott 1979).

The fact that you can find the standard deviation of a set of non-random numbers doesn't tell you anything helpful when it comes to measuring actual temperature within tenths of a degree from historical data based on antiquated equipment with little control over the method of collection and huge gaps in the areas measured.

You mention» standard deviation of a set of non-random numbers» The numbers were generated on a spreadsheet using Excel's random number generator so they the net result was what, in electronic terms, I would say was real data (signal) and unwanted randomness (noise).

Are you surprised that, having defined the starting point, and the error range, you can determine a standard deviation for a set of numbers generated on that basis?

Working from an ancient formula on optimal dam design he devised the equation: log (R / S) = K * log (N / 2) where R is the range of the time series, S is the standard deviation of year - to - year flood measurements and N is the number of years in the series.»

Averaging more years reduces the standard deviation by the square root of the number of years, so by the time you average ten years the standard deviation for a decade is down to 0.03 degrees.

One could argue that real SST measurements aren't quite so well - behaved, but it is possible to show (see Figure 11 of the HadSST2 paper, Rayner et al. 2006 for details) that the standard deviation of grid box averages falls roughly as one over the square root of the number of contributing observations and that the standard deviation for gridbox averages based on a single observation is a lot less than 10 degrees.

In the absence of serial correlation the standard deviation of this trend estimate is the standard deviation of the period - to - period changes in temperature divided by the square root of the number of periods in the interval.

The scenario I was imagining was that each observation had a number added to it that was drawn randomly from a normal distribution with a standard deviation of 10 degrees.

Given»n' measurements and a measurement error with a standard deviation of»S», the uncertainty scales with the number of measures by:

It can be shown that CO2 levels over the period 1982 — 2007 at all stations (up to a modern number of 9 stations) averaged 0.480 ± 0.065 % below the global average (errors at the ± one standard deviation level).

To make all the curves comparable, he expressed the values of the actual deviations as fractions of a standard deviation, and their frequencies as proportions of their total number.

If the temperature anomaly follows a normal Gaussian curve, the number of data points that are more than one standard deviation (abbreviated as σ) from the average can be calculated.

Adding the relevant years» total uncertainty estimates for the HadCRUT4 21 - year smoothed decadal data (estimated 5 — 95 % ranges 0.17 °C and 0.126 °C), and very generously assuming the variance uncertainty scales inversely with the number of years averaged, gives an error standard deviation for the change in decadal temperature of 0.08 °C (all uncertainty errors are assumed to be normally distributed, and independent except where otherwise stated).

The data curves were obtained by binning the local anomalies divided by local standard deviation into intervals of 0.05 (i.e., by counting the number of grid boxes having a ratio within each successive 0.05 interval).

The number of people contacted in a poll affects the margin of error, or the distance between standard deviations or the shape of the curve.

As a bonus these will also work on the Nintendo Switch and a number of other non-Android devices that support the USB Type - C standard, although it's stated that it won't quickly charge these devices as the original manufacturer's cable will because of some standards deviation on those products.

Means and standard deviations for the PSC and CBCL and the number and percentage of children who fell into the positive or clinical range on both scales were calculated.

Compared to the usual 0.5 standard deviation effect size obtained in outcome research studies on couples therapy with heterosexual couples, the study produced an effect size of 1.2 standard deviations, and the results were obtained in approximately half the number of sessions that is typical for heterosexual couples.

Mean and standard deviation of numbers for 3 groups of attachment style and internal and external religious attitude.

Number of hours of respite care was positively related to improved marital quality for both husbands and wives, such that a 1 - h increase in weekly respite care was associated with a one - half standard deviation increase in marital quality.