Not exact matches
What all these have in common is that, without any central control, individual units (
genes, cells neurons or workers) respond to simple, local information, in ways that allow the whole system (cells, brains, organisms or colonies) to
function: the appropriate
number of units performs each activity at the appropriate time.
After determining the proper dosage
of tamoxifen — an early trial resulted in a
number of mouse deaths due to overactivation
of Mecp2 — researchers settled on a four - week regimen
of ramping up the
gene's
function.
A large
number of genes involved in nervous system development and
function were also deregulated.
«The
number of protein
functions that are currently targeted by drugs is incredibly small compared to the total
number of protein interactions that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit,» says Geoffrey Wahl, a professor in Salk's
Gene Expression Laboratory.
For the manatee, walrus, dolphin, and killer whale, the return to the sea involved many evolutionary trade - offs amongst hundreds
of genes: a general loss
of the
number of sensory
genes for smell and taste, new
functions for
genes forming skin and connective tissue, and
genes involved in muscle structure and metabolism.
But you asked me right, the importance
of gene duplication; most — I say, most, [which] is a rough
number — but a very large
number of the
genes that carry out
functions in our body are parts
of [the] family
of the
genes, members
of [the] family
of the
genes that have expanded by
gene duplication.
An entire PKS enzyme is the product
of a
number of individual
genes, each
of which is the blueprint for a protein with a well - defined
function.
That surprisingly low
number suggested the evolution
of new species was accompanied by rapid turnover
of the venom
genes, with old
genes being abandoned and new ones with novel venom
functions suddenly arising.
The scientific community uses knockout mice to analyze basal phenotypes (the appearance
of genetic characteristics) to analyze the
function of such a large
number of genes.
The researchers also found that these copy
number variants occurred more frequently in
genes involved in the
function of synapses, the connections between brain cells that transmit chemical messages.
g (acceleration due to gravity) G (gravitational constant) G star G1.9 +0.3 gabbro Gabor, Dennis (1900 — 1979) Gabriel's Horn Gacrux (Gamma Crucis) gadolinium Gagarin, Yuri Alexeyevich (1934 — 1968) Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center GAIA Gaia Hypothesis galactic anticenter galactic bulge galactic center Galactic Club galactic coordinates galactic disk galactic empire galactic equator galactic habitable zone galactic halo galactic magnetic field galactic noise galactic plane galactic rotation galactose Galatea GALAXIES galaxy galaxy cannibalism galaxy classification galaxy formation galaxy interaction galaxy merger Galaxy, The Galaxy satellite series Gale Crater Galen (c. AD 129 — c. 216) galena GALEX (Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Galilean satellites Galilean telescope Galileo (Galilei, Galileo)(1564 — 1642) Galileo (spacecraft) Galileo Europa Mission (GEM) Galileo satellite navigation system gall gall bladder Galle, Johann Gottfried (1812 — 1910) gallic acid gallium gallon gallstone Galois, Évariste (1811 — 1832) Galois theory Galton, Francis (1822 — 1911) Galvani, Luigi (1737 — 1798) galvanizing galvanometer game game theory GAMES AND PUZZLES gamete gametophyte Gamma (Soviet orbiting telescope) Gamma Cassiopeiae Gamma Cassiopeiae star gamma
function gamma globulin gamma rays Gamma Velorum gamma - ray burst gamma - ray satellites Gamow, George (1904 — 1968) ganglion gangrene Ganswindt, Hermann (1856 — 1934) Ganymede «garbage theory»,
of the origin
of life Gardner, Martin (1914 — 2010) Garneau, Marc (1949 ---RRB- garnet Garnet Star (Mu Cephei) Garnet Star Nebula (IC 1396) garnierite Garriott, Owen K. (1930 ---RRB- Garuda gas gas chromatography gas constant gas giant gas laws gas - bounded nebula gaseous nebula gaseous propellant gaseous - propellant rocket engine gasoline Gaspra (minor planet 951) Gassendi, Pierre (1592 — 1655) gastric juice gastrin gastrocnemius gastroenteritis gastrointestinal tract gastropod gastrulation Gatewood, George D. (1940 ---RRB- Gauer - Henry reflex gauge boson gauge theory gauss (unit) Gauss, Carl Friedrich (1777 — 1855) Gaussian distribution Gay - Lussac, Joseph Louis (1778 — 1850) GCOM (Global Change Observing Mission) Geber (c. 720 — 815) gegenschein Geiger, Hans Wilhelm (1882 — 1945) Geiger - Müller counter Giessler tube gel gelatin Gelfond's theorem Gell - Mann, Murray (1929 ---RRB- GEM «gemination,»
of martian canals Geminga Gemini (constellation) Gemini Observatory Gemini Project Gemini - Titan II gemstone
gene gene expression
gene mapping
gene pool
gene therapy
gene transfer General Catalogue
of Variable Stars (GCVS) general precession general theory
of relativity generation ship generator Genesis (inflatable orbiting module) Genesis (sample return probe) genetic code genetic counseling genetic disorder genetic drift genetic engineering genetic marker genetic material genetic pool genetic recombination genetics GENETICS AND HEREDITY Geneva Extrasolar Planet Search Program genome genome, interstellar transmission
of genotype gentian violet genus geoboard geode geodesic geodesy geodesy satellites geodetic precession Geographos (minor planet 1620) geography GEOGRAPHY Geo - IK geologic time geology GEOLOGY AND PLANETARY SCIENCE geomagnetic field geomagnetic storm geometric mean geometric sequence geometry GEOMETRY geometry puzzles geophysics GEOS (Geodetic Earth Orbiting Satellite) Geosat geostationary orbit geosynchronous orbit geosynchronous / geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) geosyncline Geotail (satellite) geotropism germ germ cells Germain, Sophie (1776 — 1831) German Rocket Society germanium germination Gesner, Konrad von (1516 — 1565) gestation Get Off the Earth puzzle Gettier problem geyser g - force GFO (Geosat Follow - On) GFZ - 1 (GeoForschungsZentrum) ghost crater Ghost Head Nebula (NGC 2080) ghost image Ghost
of Jupiter (NGC 3242) Giacconi, Riccardo (1931 ---RRB- Giacobini - Zinner, Comet (Comet 21P /) Giaever, Ivar (1929 ---RRB- giant branch Giant Magellan Telescope giant molecular cloud giant planet giant star Giant's Causeway Giauque, William Francis (1895 — 1982) gibberellins Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839 — 1903) Gibbs free energy Gibson, Edward G. (1936 ---RRB- Gilbert, William (1544 — 1603) gilbert (unit) Gilbreath's conjecture gilding gill gill (unit) Gilruth, Robert R. (1913 — 2000) gilsonite gimbal Ginga ginkgo Giotto (ESA Halley probe) GIRD (Gruppa Isutcheniya Reaktivnovo Dvisheniya) girder glacial drift glacial groove glacier gland Glaser, Donald Arthur (1926 — 2013) Glashow, Sheldon (1932 ---RRB- glass GLAST (Gamma - ray Large Area Space Telescope) Glauber, Johann Rudolf (1607 — 1670) glaucoma glauconite Glenn, John Herschel, Jr. (1921 ---RRB- Glenn Research Center Glennan, T (homas) Keith (1905 — 1995) glenoid cavity glia glial cell glider Gliese 229B Gliese 581 Gliese 67 (HD 10307, HIP 7918) Gliese 710 (HD 168442, HIP 89825) Gliese 86 Gliese 876 Gliese Catalogue glioma glissette glitch Global Astrometric Interferometer for Astrophysics (GAIA) Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) Globalstar globe Globigerina globular cluster globular proteins globule globulin globus pallidus GLOMR (Global Low Orbiting Message Relay) GLONASS (Global Navigation Satellite System) glossopharyngeal nerve Gloster E. 28/39 glottis glow - worm glucagon glucocorticoid glucose glucoside gluon Glushko, Valentin Petrovitch (1908 — 1989) glutamic acid glutamine gluten gluteus maximus glycerol glycine glycogen glycol glycolysis glycoprotein glycosidic bond glycosuria glyoxysome GMS (Geosynchronous Meteorological Satellite) GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) Gnathostomata gneiss Go Go, No - go goblet cell GOCE (Gravity field and steady - state Ocean Circulation Explorer) God Goddard, Robert Hutchings (1882 — 1945) Goddard Institute for Space Studies Goddard Space Flight Center Gödel, Kurt (1906 — 1978) Gödel universe Godwin, Francis (1562 — 1633) GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) goethite goiter gold Gold, Thomas (1920 — 2004) Goldbach conjecture golden ratio (phi) Goldin, Daniel Saul (1940 ---RRB- gold - leaf electroscope Goldstone Tracking Facility Golgi, Camillo (1844 — 1926) Golgi apparatus Golomb, Solomon W. (1932 — 2016) golygon GOMS (Geostationary Operational Meteorological Satellite) gonad gonadotrophin - releasing hormone gonadotrophins Gondwanaland Gonets goniatite goniometer gonorrhea Goodricke, John (1764 — 1786) googol Gordian Knot Gordon, Richard Francis, Jr. (1929 — 2017) Gore, John Ellard (1845 — 1910) gorge gorilla Gorizont Gott loop Goudsmit, Samuel Abraham (1902 — 1978) Gould, Benjamin Apthorp (1824 — 1896) Gould, Stephen Jay (1941 — 2002) Gould Belt gout governor GPS (Global Positioning System) Graaf, Regnier de (1641 — 1673) Graafian follicle GRAB graben GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) graceful graph gradient Graham, Ronald (1935 ---RRB- Graham, Thomas (1805 — 1869) Graham's law
of diffusion Graham's
number GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) grain (cereal) grain (unit) gram gram - atom Gramme, Zénobe Théophile (1826 — 1901) gramophone Gram's stain Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) Granat Grand Tour grand unified theory (GUT) Grandfather Paradox Granit, Ragnar Arthur (1900 — 1991) granite granulation granule granulocyte graph graph theory graphene graphite GRAPHS AND GRAPH THEORY graptolite grass grassland gravel graveyard orbit gravimeter gravimetric analysis Gravitational Biology Facility gravitational collapse gravitational constant (G) gravitational instability gravitational lens gravitational life gravitational lock gravitational microlensing GRAVITATIONAL PHYSICS gravitational slingshot effect gravitational waves graviton gravity gravity gradient gravity gradient stabilization Gravity Probe A Gravity Probe B gravity - assist gray (Gy) gray goo gray matter grazing - incidence telescope Great Annihilator Great Attractor great circle Great Comets Great Hercules Cluster (M13, NGC 6205) Great Monad Great Observatories Great Red Spot Great Rift (in Milky Way) Great Rift Valley Great Square
of Pegasus Great Wall greater omentum greatest elongation Green, George (1793 — 1841) Green, Nathaniel E. Green, Thomas Hill (1836 — 1882) green algae Green Bank Green Bank conference (1961) Green Bank Telescope green flash greenhouse effect greenhouse gases Green's theorem Greg, Percy (1836 — 1889) Gregorian calendar Grelling's paradox Griffith, George (1857 — 1906) Griffith Observatory Grignard, François Auguste Victor (1871 — 1935) Grignard reagent grike Grimaldi, Francesco Maria (1618 — 1663) Grissom, Virgil (1926 — 1967) grit gritstone Groom Lake Groombridge 34 Groombridge Catalogue gross ground, electrical ground state ground - track group group theory GROUPS AND GROUP THEORY growing season growth growth hormone growth hormone - releasing hormone growth plate Grudge, Project Gruithuisen, Franz von Paula (1774 — 1852) Grus (constellation) Grus Quartet (NGC 7552, NGC 7582, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599) GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) g - suit G - type asteroid Guericke, Otto von (1602 — 1686) guanine Guiana Space Centre guidance, inertial Guide Star Catalog (GSC) guided missile guided missiles, postwar development Guillaume, Charles Édouard (1861 — 1938) Gulf Stream (ocean current) Gulfstream (jet plane) Gullstrand, Allvar (1862 — 1930) gum Gum Nebula gun metal gunpowder Gurwin Gusev Crater gut Gutenberg, Johann (c. 1400 — 1468) Guy, Richard Kenneth (1916 ---RRB- guyot Guzman Prize gymnosperm gynecology gynoecium gypsum gyrocompass gyrofrequency gyropilot gyroscope gyrostabilizer Gyulbudagian's Nebula (HH215)
In the paper, the model is used to demonstrate a
number of these approaches, including detailed investigations
of DNA - binding protein dynamics and the identification
of new
gene functions.
We are exploring a
number of different biological models to understand the origin
of novel
gene functions.
«This is the culmination
of years
of work on Alzheimer's disease by a large
number of scientists, yet it is just the beginning in defining how
genes influence memory and intellectual
function as we age.
We found that an unusually high
number of genes affected by these DNA deletions / duplications are associated with the
functioning of synaptic transmission between nerve cells.
These studies lead to an estimate
of 4,000 for the
number of genes whose
functions are essential for viability, or about one third
of the total
gene number.
We also identified a «meditation effect» within the regular meditator group, characterized by a distinct network
of genes with cellular
functions that may be relevant to healthy aging, and this network was associated with increased expression
of a
number of telomere maintenance pathway
genes and an increase in measured telomerase enzymatic activity.
This knowledge, which will only be rapidly obtainable in the model organisms, will allow the reduction
of most
of the approximately 70,000 individual
genes encoded by the human genome into a much smaller
number of multicomponent, core processes
of known biochemical
function.
«Once we identify that disruption, we can begin exploring ways to restore normal
gene function during early heart formation — and reduce the
number of babies born with debilitating, and sometimes fatal, congenital heart defects.»
Fisher's exact test as implemented in R66 was run to test for enrichment or depletion
of numbers of gene families for each molecular
function category in the novel versus ancestral
gene sets.
Since its genome was sequenced in 2002, scientists have identified a
number of genes involved in how the parasite
functions inside its host to cause malaria.
A large
number of these cortical malformations remain unexplained, both because causative mutations have yet to be identified and because the
function of some
of the identified
genes remains poorly characterized.
By performing a meta - analysis
of rare coding variants in whole - exome sequences from 4,133 schizophrenia cases and 9,274 controls, de novo mutations in 1,077 family trios, and copy
number variants from 6,882 cases and 11,255 controls, we show that individuals with schizophrenia carry a significant burden
of rare, damaging variants in 3,488
genes previously identified as having a near - complete depletion
of loss -
of -
function variants.
Ikaros's
function is to bind DNA and regulate the activity
of a large
number of genes in cells.
Believe it or not, by monitoring the
number of eggs laid, scientists are able to better understand how our
genes affect brain
function.
ERVs appear to serve a
number of functions; in humans, a
gene from an HERV (that is, a virus
gene) helps human embryos implant in the mother's womb.
Gottesman and Gould describe the rationale behind the concept
of endophenotype as providing relatively straightforward and more elementary phenomena as opposed to behavioural phenotypes and therefore require fewer
numbers of genes to produce variations in these traits as opposed to behavioural phenotypes or psychiatric diagnoses.24 These studies include associations
of cortisol, as end - product
of HPA - axis activity, 25 — 27 autonomic nervous system
functioning, 28 and neuropsychological characteristics29 with various mental health problems.