Sentences with phrase «numbers of genes from»

A peek at tardigrades» genetic diaries may dispel a rumor about an amazing feat the tiny creatures were supposed to perform: borrowing large numbers of genes from other organisms.

Not exact matches

At last year's Brainstorm Health conference in San Diego, Bergh found himself sitting at dinner with Othman Laraki, the cofounder and CEO of Color Genomics — a company that extracts the DNA from a customer's submitted saliva sample and then looks for a set number of gene mutations known to be associated with increased risk for developing certain hereditary cancers or heart conditions (depending on the test).

There have also been a number of reports of polymorphisms or mutations in genes that regulate inflammation, 48,49 energy production, 50, — , 52 and hypoglycemia53 in infants who died from SIDS, but these associations require more study to determine their importance.

The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further.

Last April, they announced that they had raised the total number of known genes from 4 million to 10 million.

Comparisons of the Neandertal genome to the genomes of five present - day humans from different parts of the world identify a number of genomic regions that may have been affected by positive selection in ancestral modern humans, including genes involved in metabolism and in cognitive and skeletal development.

In 1993, between the first and second years of his MBA program, Kreiner interned at Affymetrix, a then - new company that used technology from the semiconductor industry to analyze vast numbers of genes.

Whether investigating fat cells, immunotherapy or use of the CRISPR - Cas 9 gene - editing tool, which a federal panel recently approved for a select number of patients suffering from three types of cancers, including multiple myeloma, approaches beyond attacking cancer cells are needed in the fight against many cancers.

By studying infected cells grown in a laboratory, the team found that a large number of CMV's genes help it hide from the immune system by allowing it to destroy many of the proteins produced by the body during virus infection and preventing them from activating immune cells to destroy the virus.

The phylogenetic mosaic of chlamydial genes, including a large number of genes with phylogenetic origins from eukaryotes, implies a complex evolution for adaptation to obligate intracellular parasitism.

Balancing Act In the hope of minimizing the number of people forced to cope with incidental findings, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) in 2013 proposed regularly returning results on 56 genes from comprehensive genetic tests.

Taking their cue from nature, where structurally well - defined biopolymers are the norm, e.g. in DNA and genes where slight variations to the order of a small number of organic molecules gives rise to the diverse spectrum of life, they have developed a self - sorting strategy that regulates the order molecules take when forming long chain polymers.

The team integrated three, complementary gene sequencing approaches to look for mutations in tumor cells from SS patients: whole - genome sequencing in six subjects, sequencing of all protein - coding regions (exomes) in 66 subjects, and comparing variation in the number of copies of all genes across the genome in 80 subjects.

«The gene that is passed on from both parents, which causes some men to have more sons and some to have more daughters, may explain why we see the number of men and women roughly balanced in a population.

With the acquisition of a number of key genes and lipids from a bacterial symbiont, it would be possible for Loki - type cells to evolve a primitive membrane trafficking machinery and compartmentalization.»

They found that the phages from antibiotic - treated mice carried significantly higher numbers of bacterial drug - resistance genes than they would have carried by chance.

Biotechnologist James Dale and colleagues at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane, Australia, cloned a resistance gene named RGA2 from a type of wild banana that's impervious to TR4 and inserted it into the Cavendish, creating six lines with varying numbers of RGA2 copies.

«We can't screen for every possible disease gene, which is another reason to limit the number of offspring from a single donor,» says Prof Sydsjö.

Using clinical, genetic, and gene expression data as filters to distinguish genes whose copy number alteration causes cancer from those for whom copy number changes are incidental, the team whittled down their list from 14,000 to a more manageable number, each of which they systematically tested using genetic experiments in animals.

Understanding this process - which is particularly important when cells are first taking on specialized identities such as nerve cells, muscle, skin, and so on - helps explain how complex organisms can arise from a finite number of genes.

Examining spinal cord cells under a microscope, the scientists noticed that the axons of mice missing the OPTN gene were swollen, inflamed and far fewer in number, compared with spinal cord cells obtained from mice with the OPTN gene.

Results from the analysis confirmed previous findings of some copy number variants already associated with autism, but they also found a host of other genes (SHANK2, SYNGAP1, DLGAP2 and the X chromosome — linked DDX53 - PTCHD1 locus) in which mutations seem to be linked to autism.

They found that more than half of the 7,000 genes expressed in the liver vary in activity from one layer to another, a number that is about ten times greater than previous estimates.

Differences in the ability of a particular gene to influence a child's development depending on who it was inherited from, have been seen in a number of disorders, including Huntington's disease and fragile - X syndrome («Why genes have a gender», New Scientist, 22 May 1993).

A group of researchers has accidentally discovered that our DNA contains substantial areas of repeated genes — and the location and number of these genetic echoes vary considerably from person to person.

They used the gene editing technology CRISPR to engineer a series of human embryonic stem cell lines, which were identical apart from the number of DNA repeats that occurred at the ends of their HTT genes.

The 2485 introns with orthologs available in the two outgroup Palaeognathae species ranged from exhibiting no conflict to exhibiting considerable conflict (up to 950 genes or 38 %) for some branches of the TENT (Fig. 3A, blue numbers, and Fig. 5C).

They argue that complexity comes from how genes are regulated or expressed — not the number of genes themselves.

A large number of rare childhood diseases stem from mutations in genes that play an essential role in lipid synthesis.

The number of genes differentially expressed in tissue samples from the two groups turned out to be surprisingly small — just 14 in all.

So, if a gene lies within a gene - dense, low - recombination region, then this means that a much larger number of progeny from crosses must be examined to find those that derive from rare recombinational events that separate the desired new allele from undesirable forms of neighboring genes.

«When we compared the gene signature activity of glioblastoma cells from around 60 patients we found that a large number of patients could be divided into subgroups that showed a correlation between gene activity, tumor cell characteristics and cell of origin similar to the one we had seen in the mouse study.

Each odor - detecting neuron (referred to as olfactory sensory neuron from here on), chooses a single odorant receptor gene from a fairly large number of options that are split into class I (fish - like) and class II (terrestrial - specific) odorant receptors.

The BUB1B gene encodes a protein that helps guarantee that the right number of chromosomes are passed from cell to cell.

A diamond - based thermometer could be a useful tool in basic biology, Maurer says, noting that a number of biological processes, ranging from gene expression to cellular metabolism, are strongly affected by temperature.

But after analyzing the Hofstenia transcriptome, the team determined that the three - banded panther worm and planarians are only very distantly related, a view that had been proposed based on analyses with sequences from a small number of genes.

Previous genetic studies have examined the association of aspirin, NSAIDs, or both with colorectal cancer according to a limited number of candidate genes or pathways.6 - 10 Thus, to comprehensively identify common genetic markers that characterize individuals who may obtain differential benefit from aspirin and NSAIDs, we conducted a discovery - based, genome - wide analysis of gene × environment interactions between regular use of aspirin, NSAIDs, or both and single - nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to risk of colorectal cancer.

Although none of the German Neolithic samples carries the copy number expansion of the AMY2B gene associated with starch digestion, we find that this gene is present in three copies in NGD, though this is due to a large segmental duplication that is shared with multiple modern dogs, an event separate from the tandem AMY2B duplications.

However, urine (as a reflection of the bladder microbiota) from healthy individuals does contain extensive numbers of bacteria, which are not routinely cultivated by clinical microbiology laboratories, but can be identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Nelson et al., 2010; Siddiqui et al., 2011; Wolfe et al., 2012).

For example, when the researchers decoded the complete sequence of one extrachromosomal circular phage from a disease - causing Staphylococcus, they identified a number of genes that may help this strain evade a host's immune system and that could readily spread to other Staphylococcus bacteria.

The number of potential cell types from that collection of genes is vast, some 10 6000s greater than the number of hydrogen atoms in the Universe.

In addition, the significant number (> 1000) novel models that came from RNA - Seq that were absent from the zebrafish cDNAs suggests that the deep sequencing offered by RNA - Seq can be used to expand the gene annotation of even well - studied model organisms.

Gene expression divergence levels were obtained from [71] and were measured in terms of the number of commonly co-expressed genes between human and mouse one to one orthologs.

Of the locations sampled in the study, resistance genes that are most likely to be mobile and able to jump from one bacterial strain to another were found in the highest numbers in the chicken coops of villagers in El Salvador and in the outgoing «gray» water from the sewage treatment plant outside LimOf the locations sampled in the study, resistance genes that are most likely to be mobile and able to jump from one bacterial strain to another were found in the highest numbers in the chicken coops of villagers in El Salvador and in the outgoing «gray» water from the sewage treatment plant outside Limof villagers in El Salvador and in the outgoing «gray» water from the sewage treatment plant outside Lima.

We know that regeneration is an orchestra of communication signals from a number of different tissues, and those tissues have to turn on genetic light switches at the same time, so part of the challenge in defining those circuits in greater detail is going to be interrogating these miRNAs and their potential target genes in a mammalian system.

In addition, a number of key developmental regulators were expressed at higher levels in bsl1 - 1 mutants, including orthologs of classical genes from maize that specify AM identity and determinacy (e.g., bd1 [Chuck et al., 2002] and ramosa1 [Vollbrecht et al., 2005]-RRB-, that pattern lateral organ development (e.g., narrow sheath1 [Scanlon et al., 1996] and yabby10 [Juarez et al., 2004]-RRB-, and those implicated in carpel repression in maize tassels (e.g., grassy tillers1 [Whipple et al., 2011], tasselseed 1 [Acosta et al., 2009], and tasselseed 2 [Irish and Nelson, 1993]-RRB-(Table 2).

To study which genes are active and which are dormant, they use the brute repetition of sequencing steps to capture an adequate number of messenger RNA sequences, which are transcribed from switched - on genes.

While at the Basel Institute for Immunology in Switzerland, he published a theory — first seen as heretical, then brilliant — that immune cells reshuffle their DNA to create millions of different antibodies from a small number of genes.

Testing for additional genes in the pathway and in a number of pathways is done through a number of commercial resources; the only other clinically relevant test is the homologous recombination defect assay, which is commercially available from Myriad Genetics.

«It might be difficult to imagine why the large number of gene variants that together give rise to traits like [autism spectrum disorder] are retained in human populations,» co-author and genetics and neuroscience professor Joel Gelernter said in a statement from Yale University.