Implementation intentions have been demonstrated to be an effective tool of behavioural
change in
numerous settings and behaviours, displaying medium to strong effect sizes.98 — 100 Coping plans refer to plans that specify a critical barrier to the intended / planned behaviour and a specific strategy on how to cope with this barrier.101 A recent
systematic review attests that the combination of action planning and coping planning seems to be most effective for behavioural
change.102 Self - efficacy has also been shown to be a crucial factor in health behaviour
change across different behaviours and different populations.