Overall, one in three
children in the U.S. struggle with
obesity, but Black, Latino, Native American and Alaska Native kids are more
than one and a half times more likely to be obese
than white kids.
A covariate was included in the multivariate analyses if theoretical or empirical evidence supported its role as a risk factor for
obesity, if it was a significant predictor of
obesity in univariate regression models, or if including it in the full multivariate model led to a 5 % or greater change in the OR.48 Model 1 includes maternal IPV exposure, race / ethnicity (black,
white, Hispanic, other / unknown),
child sex (male, female), maternal age (20 - 25, 26 - 28, 29 - 33, 34 - 50 years), maternal education (less
than high school, high school graduation, beyond high school), maternal nativity (US born, yes or no),
child age in months, relationship with father (yes or no), maternal smoking during pregnancy (yes or no), maternal depression (as measured by a CIDI - SF cutoff score ≥ 0.5), maternal BMI (normal / underweight, overweight, obese), low birth weight (< 2500 g, ≥ 2500 g), whether the
child takes a bottle to bed at age 3 years (yes or no), and average hours of
child television viewing per day at age 3 years (< 2 h / d, ≥ 2 h / d).