Sentences with phrase «objective measures of»

• Enact federal infrastructure allocation formulas based on objective measures of costs, need, and benefits — and require states and localities to do the same.

objective measures of selected chronic diseases, nutrition status and other risk factors which can be combined with self - reported data about health status and conditions (e.g. diabetes)

Different, perhaps weaker, results may have been found if more objective measures of sports participation, such as parental report, were used.

Neonatal measures were chosen to represent objective measures of individual differences in neonatal reactivity.

The NNNS and cry measures were used in this study as objective measures of neonatal reactivity.

Objective measures of these behaviours in future studies would allow for more accurate assessment for the exposure - outcome relations.

We could not test this mechanism because objective measures of infant behavior at 4 - months of age were not available.

First, the moderating effect of parenting stress on the relation between objective measures of neonatal behavior and later subjective maternal ratings of infant temperament may be driven by a subset of children who evidence persistent irritable and difficult behaviors over the first 4 months of life.

Moreover, fear avoidance correlates negatively with self - efficacy and subjective and objective measures of physical function.

At 72 months, teachers reported on children's externalizing behaviors, and children completed objective measures of academic achievement.

Objective measures of the child's antisocial behaviour show improvement; appropriate parental behaviour increases, with a large reduction in smacking.

Although Nansel et al found important evidence regarding the potential detrimental effects of bullying on self - perceived academic achievement and school attendance, no objective measures of academic achievement or attendance were collected.

She is interested in using objective measures of outcome to demonstrate clinical changes and in using these data to guide further development of the treatment approach used in this program.

Future studies may also benefit from the use of both objective and self - report measures of the environment allowing the examination of the mediating role of environmental perceptions in the relationships between objective measures of the environment and depressive symptoms.

We hypothesised that (1) objective measures of availability / access to destinations, greenness and a pedestrian - friendly infrastructure would be negatively associated with depressive symptoms; (2) environmental stressors such as signs of crime / disorder, pollution, traffic - related variables and presence of stray dogs would be positively associated with depressive symptoms; (3) older adults living alone would report more depressive symptoms than their counterparts; (4) and the negative effects of living alone on depressive symptoms would be attenuated by better access / availability of destinations and lower levels of environmental stressors.

In such case, there is a high risk of reverse causality whereby participants» depressive mood may affect their perceptions of the environmental exposures of interest (eg, neighbourhood safety from crime).21 Environmental data collected using more objective measures of the neighbourhood environment, including geographic information systems (GIS) 22 and environmental audits conducted by independent auditors, 23 are likely to provide more robust estimates of the potential causal effects of neighbourhood environmental attributes on residents» depressive symptoms.

In addition, long term follow - up studies that assess objective measures of physical and mental health of post-surgical transsexual adults must include a matched control group consisting of transgender individuals who do not undergo SRS.

According to reviews of the role of the 5 - HTTLPR in moderating the effects of stress upon depression, the effect is most reproducible when objective measures of stress are used (Uher and McGuffin, 2010), rather than subjective measures, for which the interaction has not universally replicated (Risch et al., 2009).

However, the law specifically allows employers to continue asking about objective measures of an applicant's productivity, such as revenue or sales generated, which should make this change in the law more palatable to employers hiring salespersons.

Second, we had objective measures of Facebook use, pulled directly from participants» Facebook accounts, rather than measures based on a person's self - report.

KPIs are objective measures of performance to assess progress toward goals.

Businesses, small and large, use key performance indicators as objective measures of progress toward targets.

However, from a «law firm as businesses» perspective, Jim Collin's Good To Great, provides perhaps some of the most objective measures of understanding how to get to great and is required reading for entrepreneurs, as well as a top business book lawyers should read.

Is that because you think Bayesian credible intervals are not valid as objective measures of probability?

Objective measures of climate model performance are proposed and used to assess simulations of the 20th century, which are available from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3) archive.

The market value of all securities, including common and preferred stocks, is based upon the market's perception of value and not necessarily the book value of an issuer or other objective measures of a company's worth.

is made available to the public upon request; and may involve multiple, objective measures of teacher competency.

Frankly, my impression is that the recent improvement in market action won't last, but again, our investment positions are driven much more by objective measures of prevailing market conditions.

No matter how many times our commissioner might say it, these tests are NOT objective measures of a teacher's effectiveness.

From districts such as Washington, DC to most charter schools, human capital management based on the quality of the individual's capabilities, knowledge and aptitude for the profession does result in better objective measures of school success.

Thirty - nine states incorporate objective measures of student achievement data into teacher evaluations, and of those, 17 report it is the most significant factor.55 And most states now use at least three tiers to differentiate teachers (Figure 6).

Another important finding of the study was that student surveys produced more reliable results from year to year than did objective measures of student achievement gains or classroom observations.53 In other words, student survey results were more stable.

[4] Teacher evaluation instruments should include factors that combine both human judgment and objective measures of student learning.

It would be interesting to understand whether there are objective measures of reading level (eg F - K?)

Likewise, after Tier 2 or Tier 3 interventions are implemented, there is no way to know if a student is responding positively without frequent, objective measures of learning.

Most teachers» unions have not supported these new evaluation laws and will look for any excuse to gut them and go back to the world where there were no objective measures of teacher effectiveness.

Teacher evaluation instruments should include factors that combine both human judgment and objective measures of student learning.

Changing the current evaluation system to focus on improved student outcomes, including objective measures of student growth, is critical to improving teacher effectiveness, raising student achievement, and meeting the objectives of the federal «No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.»

This movement is essentially rejecting all objective measures of educational achievement and, subsequently, lets children, including a disproportionate number of minority children, fall through the cracks.

Attempting to maintain support among the very teachers it is supposed to represent — and looking to show that it cares about elevating the teaching profession it debases through its defense of quality - blind seniority - based privileges and reverse - seniority layoff rules — the NEA gave $ 73,500 to the National Network of State Teachers of the Year; that the selection of teachers of the year is usually more of a popularity contest than one based on objective measures of teacher performance is often conveniently ignored by all but the most thoughtful of observers, and thus, serves as a good way to spend union funds.

By removing letter grades, parents are cheated out of clear objective measures of school quality.

The Colorado study comes as education officials in Los Angeles and across the country are moving to incorporate more objective measures of performance into teacher evaluations.

She also points out that states haven't pulled back from objective measures of student achievement [ie, growth measures] as part of teacher evaluations as much as might have been expected.

But the Obama administration, which was elected with teacher - union support, has pushed for objective measures of teacher effectiveness, and some union leaders have gradually shifted positions.

Reports of objective measures of content learning demonstrated mastery of content learning goals.

Progress monitoring with objective measures of writing performance for students with mild disabilities.

Sixteen states require evaluations to include some objective measures of student learning, and four states require evidence of student learning as the prevailing criterion for teacher evaluation (Zinth, 2010).

Thirty states require measures of student academic growth to be at least a significant factor within teacher evaluations; another 10 states require some student growth, and 11 states do not require any objective measures of student growth (p. 5).

Tests are one of the few objective measures of performance — for schools, teachers and students — and while they should never be used in isolation, we would be narrow - minded to believe that they can be thrown away.

Objective measures of student learning — often, test scores — frequently account for 25 percent to 50 percent of the teacher's evaluation.