The finds were among 37
objects seen orbiting distant stars by a US and Anglo - Australian team in the last year.
Not exact matches
The team relied on a timeworn technique called parallax, which measures the apparent shift in an
object's celestial position when
seen from opposing sides of the Earth's
orbit around the sun.
The millions of rocky
objects orbiting between Mars and Jupiter probably collide all the time, but this is the first instance in which astronomers have
seen direct evidence of an impact.
Xena is the most distant
object ever
seen in
orbit around the sun — 10 billion miles away.
For one thing, they explain changes
seen in an unusual
object discovered in 1974, thought to be a binary pulsar, in which two neutron stars (one of them a pulsar)
orbit closely around one another.
The
object, 1994 ES1, was
seen on 14 March, when it was 2.2 million kilometres outside the Earth's
orbit.
Batygin began seeding his solar system models with Planet X's of various sizes and
orbits, to
see which version best explained the
objects» paths.
These two drifts across the solar system meant Jupiter crashed through the asteroid belt twice, mixing asteroids that had formed either side of its original
orbit and leaving behind the well - mixed
objects we
see today.
A new study shows that images of a meteor's streak through the atmosphere taken by Earth - gazing probes, including weather satellites, can pin down the
object's
orbit, enabling scientists to check and
see whether another planet - threatening
object is traveling in the same trajectory.
From even just a few light - years away in our own little corner of the Milky Way, a planet in an
orbit comparable to Earth's would be too close to its star for even the Hubble to
see them as two distinct
objects.
Jupiter and Neptune may have collected their Trojans about 3.8 billion years ago, at a time when the
orbits of these planets were shifting and their gravity was flinging vast numbers of comet - like
objects around the solar system (
see The solar system, but not as we know it).
Globular Clusters are a fascinating
objects to view and can be easily
seen with binoculars, they are groups of ancient stars huddled together and
orbiting the central bulge of our galaxy.
See an animation of the
orbit of this substellar
object around Edasich, with a table of basic orbital and physical characteristics.
Synchronous rotation can occur as a result of tidal forces from gravitational interactions between two
orbiting bodies (Earth's moon is an example of an
object in synchronous rotation, so that we only ever
see one side from the ground).
In addition to taking 1,100 years to complete its
orbit around the sun, the
object is blisteringly chilly, which makes sense
seeing as it's located in the Kuiper Belt where our sun is no more than a bright pinprick in the sky.
Eventually, the pair
saw that if they ran simulations using a hypothetical massive planet in what's called an anti-aligned
orbit — a path in which the planet's perihelion, or closest approach to the sun, is 180 degrees from all of the other
objects and known planets in the solar system — their six strangely behaving
objects moved in the strange alignment that they actually do in reality.
Until its fiery landing in the Pacific Ocean in Mach 2001, the MIR space station was one of the largest
objects orbiting the planet, so large that it was especially easy to
see — if you knew what you were looking for.
In addition to the brightness of
objects, Hubble's
orbit also restricts what can be
seen.
Sheppard and Trujillo suggest a super Earth or an even larger
object at hundreds of AU could create the shepherding effect
seen in the
orbits of these
objects, which are too distant to be perturbed significantly by any of the known planets.
(
See an animation of the
orbit of this possible substellar
object around Aldebaran, with a table of basic orbital and physical characteristics.)
What's more, their work indicates the potential presence of an enormous planet, perhaps up to 10 times the size of Earth, not yet
seen, but possibly influencing the
orbit of 2012 VP113, as well as other inner Oort cloud
objects.