Willard: yes, the Paris Agreement imposes a non-legally binding
obligation on developed countries.
There is thus a dual
obligation on developed countries to both act and support.
Not exact matches
The stock ran
on the news, prompting VXGN to clarify yesterday that it «retains an option to obtain the exclusive right to manufacture, commercialize, and further
develop the HIV vaccine candidates in the U.S., Europe, Japan and other
countries that are members of the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development» but «has no rights or
obligations to manufacture or
develop the vaccine candidates unless and until it exercises this option.»
At a news conference
on Tuesday, Yu Qingtai, China's special representative
on climate change, said China stood with poorer
developing countries insisting that the financial
obligation of rich nations to compensate poor ones fully for the costs attending climate change was enshrined in the original 1992 framework treaty.
signing
on to reduction commitments; and China sees themselves as a
developing country that has acted progressively and responsibly to address climate change when it technically has no
obligation to do so under the UNFCCC.
Indeed, it underlies the UNFCCC commitment by
developed countries to provide finance and technological support to
developing countries, and it underlies the widespread NGO call for the
developed countries to take
on «international mitigation
obligations» that are just as prominent, official, and legally binding as their domestic mitigation
obligations.
The United States» Congress won't pass domestic legislation without key
developing countries like China, which is now a major greenhouse gas emitter signing
on to reduction commitments; and China sees themselves as a
developing country that has acted progressively and responsibly to address climate change when it technically has no
obligation to do so under the UNFCCC.
But there are big pressures
on developing countries to undertake new
obligations for reporting
on and monitoring their emissions and their actions, and being subject to international review, far beyond what was agreed in Bali
on what they would do.
To ask India to take
on the same
obligations as
developed countries with more than 30 times higher per capita income and over ten times higher per capita emissions is simply unfair.
The delivery of climate finance for
developing countries is one of the commitments and
obligations of
developed country governments under the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and is one of the pillars of the Bali Road Map agreed during the UNFCCC Conference of Parties held here in Bali in December 2007.
This in turn explains that the Annex1
countries i.e.
developed countries are endowed with a higher level of
obligation on their reporting than the
developing countries.
This in turn required the
developed countries to report annual GHG inventory every year; prepare a biennial report — highlighting the progress made in meeting its
obligations under the Convention, both,
on mitigation pledges and support; and national communication every four years; and, for the
developing countries to prepare a biennial update report, including GHG inventory,
on planning and implementing NAMAs, and to prepare a national communication every four years.
Even though there is no legal
obligation on India in this respect, the Prime Minister of India made a commitment that India's per capita emissions will at no time exceed the average of the per capita emissions of
developed, industrialized
countries.
«
Developing countries should not be asked to make a payment every time an existing
obligation becomes due
on the part of
developed countries,» she said.
While many
developed countries condition any further action, including fulfilling their legally binding
obligations to a second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol,
on greater action by emerging economies,
developing country pledges already far outweigh pledges by
developed countries.
They are the ones who have failed to deliver
on their legal and moral
obligations in finance, who have offered laughable mitigation targets, and who expect
developing countries to fulfill parallel commitments.
These words ring so hollow and dubious especially as
developed countries are abandoning their mitigation
obligations under the Kyoto Protocol or the ad - hoc working group
on Long Term Cooperative Action (LCA) and or are offering no meaningful and ambitious emissions reductions in the elusive second committment period of Kyoto.