Sentences with phrase «observation estimates of the value»
That leads to the IPCC conclusion that it is «very likely» that anthropogenic factors have «made a substantial contribution to upper ocean warming» using a method independent of observation estimates of the value of individual fluxes.
https://skepticalscience.com/ Not exact matches
Although estimates of this parameter, based on observations, are very uncertain, observers generally quote values in the range from 50 to 90 kilometres per second per megaparsec.
The team's new estimate of the rate of solar mass loss represents one of the first times this value has been constrained based on observations rather than theoretical calculations.
Another way to estimate climate sensitivity from both models AND observations is to calculate the ratio of observed warming to forecast warming... then multiply that by the ECS value used in the model.
If we limit the analysis to the 5th - grade applicants for whom we can compute value - added estimates, the number of student - year observations included immediately falls by about 85 percent.
The regression analyses used to generate fitted values are weighted by the inverse of each observation's estimated variance to account for differences in the number of respondents from each state; unweighted regressions yield substantively similar results.
Even if one were to stipulate all of the ostensible «errors» Lewis claims, the only way he is actually able to justify his claim of disagreement with observations» ICS is by throwing out the observational ICS estimate used in the paper in favor of once he likes and obviously likes simply because of their low values.
Thus, given the height and value of the emission temperature, we can get a simple estimate for the surface temperature: 255K + 5.5 km * 6K / km = 288K (= 15oC; close to the global mean estimated from observations given by NCDC of ~ 14oC).
You stated: «Thus, given the height and value of the emission temperature, we can get a simple estimate for the surface temperature: 255K + 5.5 km * 6K / km = 288K (= 15oC; close to the global mean estimated from observations given by NCDC of ~ 14oC).»
The «clear sky radiative forcing due to CO2» (3.7 W / m ^ 2 for a doubling per Myhre et al. 1998b and IPCC TAR) is not a measured entity based on empirical data from actual physical observations or reproducible experimentation, but rather an estimated value based on laboratory studies of spectroscopic data.
JAXA boasts that, «we can reduce the error of the estimated values when we introduce IBUKI's observation data compared to that of the values calculated in a conventional way based on ground observation data.»
The most likely ECS value according to this analysis is 4.0 K — shifted upward relative to the regression estimate, toward the values in the cluster of models (around numbers 25 and 26) with relatively high ECS that are consistent with the observations.
Based on our assumptions of observational values, we conclude the AR4 model - mean or — best estimate ‖ of the SR (1.38 ± 0.08) is significantly different from the SRs determined by observations as described above.
When Armour factored rising sensitivity into that 2013 observation - based Nature Geoscience report and recalculated climate sensitivity, he got a best estimate of 2.9 º C — a value well within the IPCC's consensus range and the range predicted by models.
Based on this prior knowledge on what our model tells about the probabilities of each value of O for each S and on the prior estimate of the distribution of S, we can check what a new experimental observation of the value O tells.
«It is likely to be in the range 2C to 4.5 C with a best estimate of about 3C and is very unlikely to be less than 1.5 C. Values substantially higher than 4.5 C can not be excluded, but agreement of models with observations is not as good for those values.&Values substantially higher than 4.5 C can not be excluded, but agreement of models with observations is not as good for those values.&values.»
The value of the variance for the process noise in the above was arbitrarily chosen to be the same as the empirically estimated observational variance of the observations in the separate cases of the HadCRUT4 series and GISTEMP.
REA16 infer an observation - based best estimate for TCR from 1.66 °C, 24 % higher than the value of 1.34 °C if based on HadCRUT4v4..
Recent analyses of modern observations have estimated ECS values the lower end of the IPCC range with median values of 2 degrees C or less for ECS (c.f. Otto et al. 2013, Lewis 2013).
The short report by Nic Lewis, referenced here and published originally at «Climate Dialogue», showed how some of the IPCC ECS estimates downweight observations by using a Bayesian methodology that gave substantial prior probability to high values of ECS based on unsubstantiated expert «opinion».