Following this month's announcement of the
first observation of gravitational waves arriving at the earth from a cataclysmic event in the distant universe, the Indian Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi, has granted in - principle approval to the Laser Interferometer Gravitational - wave Observatory in India (LIGO - India) Project.
But its announcement was delayed due to the time required to understand two other discoveries: a LIGO - Virgo three -
detector observation of gravitational waves from another binary black hole merger on August 14, and the first - ever detection of a binary neutron star merger in light and gravitational waves on August 17.
Physicists have described
how observations of gravitational waves limit the possible explanations for the formation of black holes outside of our galaxy; either they are spinning more slowly than black holes in our own galaxy or they spin rapidly but are «tumbled around» with spins randomly oriented to their orbit.
A
new observation of gravitational waves, announced by scientists with the Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory, LIGO, follows their first detection, reported earlier this year (SN: 3/5/16, p. 6).
LIGO's
observation of gravitational waves directly confirmed a 100 - year - old prediction of Einstein's general theory of relativity — that rapidly accelerating massive objects stretch and squeeze spacetime, producing ripples that travel outward from the source (SN: 3/5/16, p. 22).
Indeed, the very first
indirect observations of gravitational waves were made with pulsars: it was found that their rotational energy was decreasing (they rotated more slowly over time), at exactly the rate that we would expect if they were shedding that energy by giving off gravitational waves!
Editor's Note (10/3/17): This year's Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish and Kip S. Thorne «for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and
the observation of gravitational waves.»
The existence of black holes tens of times more massive than our Sun was confirmed recently by
the observation of gravitational waves, produced by the merger of pairs of massive black holes, with the LIGO interferometer.
Though researchers often wait decades for Nobel recognition,
the observation of gravitational waves was so monumental that the scientists were honored less than two years after the discovery's announcement.
«
Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over 5 decades ago to directly detect this elusive phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, fittingly, fulfills Einstein's legacy on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,» says Caltech's David H. Reitze, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory.
The new LIGO discovery is the first
observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through Earth.
(Inside Science)-- The 2017 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three American physicists «for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and
the observation of gravitational waves.»
The new LIGO discovery is the first
observation of gravitational waves themselves, made by measuring the tiny disturbances the waves make to space and time as they pass through the earth.
«
Our observation of gravitational waves accomplishes an ambitious goal set out over five decades ago to directly detect this elusive phenomenon and better understand the universe, and, fittingly, fulfills Einstein's legacy on the 100th anniversary of his general theory of relativity,» says Caltech's David H. Reitze, executive director of the LIGO Laboratory.