In this new Policy Information Report, Debra Ackerman examines the variety of state pre-K classroom observation policies on program decisions that are informed by
observation score data, the protocols being used, and how often such data are collected from classrooms.
Not exact matches
Regarding the newly reported
scores, Buckley says that «As a citizen and a parent, I was not particularly happy — although pleased to see that the vast majority of students was capable of making straightforward scientific
observations from
data.»
Early adopter states have struggled with
data integrity, inflated
scores, and bias in classroom
observations,» he wrote.
Using these
data, we calculated a
score for each teacher on the eight TES «standards» by averaging the ratings assigned during the different
observations of that teacher in a given year on each element included under the standard.
In addition to analyzing overall ratings, we looked at individual measures like value - added
data and
observation scores — even
scores for specific skills.
As we struggle with how to improve student outcomes, we need to triangulate Level 1 «satellite»
data — test
scores, D / F rates, attendance rates — with Level 2 «map»
data — reading inventories, teacher - created common assessments, student surveys — and Level 3 «street»
data, which can only be gathered through listening and close
observation.
We're finally looking at growth over time, rather than a snapshot in time, and when it comes to teachers, we're complementing test -
score data with
observations and other on - the - ground information.
All three studies achieved very high response rates on all
data collections, whether teacher surveys, classroom
observations, collection of teachers»
scores on college entrance exams or precertification exams, student achievement tests, collection of student
data from district administrative records, principal surveys, or interviews with program officials.
For most of the analysis, I use a
data set created by pooling the
observations from all four years for a total of 23,883
observations with math
scores and 23,544 with reading
scores.
In the MET
data, this group consisted of teachers who
scored ineffective on all three measures (classroom
observation, student assessment, and student perception surveys).
We analyzed
scores on the inventory descriptively and used them to predict time - use
data collected via in - person
observations, a survey - based measure of job stress, and measures of perceived job effectiveness obtained from assistant principals and teachers in the school.
While Kraft and Gilmour assert that «systems that place greater weight on normative measures such as value - added
scores rather than... [just]...
observations have fewer teachers rated proficient» (p. 19; see also Steinberg & Kraft, forthcoming; a related article about how this has occurred in New Mexico here; and New Mexico's 2014 - 2016
data below and here, as also illustrative of the desired normal curve distributions discussed above), I highly doubt this purely reflects New Mexico's «commitment to putting students first.»
In most cases, new teacher evaluations will consist of two parts:
observations of classrooms, which look at how teachers teach; and outcomes on tests, including
scores for students and value - added
data, which measure how students progress.
Many states are adopting teacher evaluations and pay structures tied to student test -
score data rather than years of experience, degrees, and classroom
observations.
For one, they ignore the key reason why the Obama Administration declined to renew Washington State's waiver: The state's failure to meet its promise to replace its shoddy
observation - based evaluations with more - objective
data - based performance management tools using test
score growth
data.
As Dropout Nation noted last week in its report on teacher evaluations, even the most - rigorous classroom
observation approaches are far less accurate in identifying teacher quality than either value - added analysis of test
score data or even student surveys such as the Tripod system used by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation as part of its Measures of Effective Teaching project.
Co-teaching leadership PLCs schoolwide
data requires them to enter the average of all
observation scores.
In a way, teachers have always used
data to track how well students are doing, but the
data points were largely anecdotal — a pop quiz
score, a casual teacher
observation.
A new teacher evaluation system in Louisiana requires frequent classroom
observations and the use of test
score data in teacher ratings.
We seek articles on such topics as expanding our view of
data beyond test
scores, setting up a school culture in which teachers collaborate to examine student
data and translate it into meaningful action, using qualitative
data - collection techniques like peer
observation and home visits, harnessing technology to organize
data and make it more useful, and sharing
data with school stakeholders to help them understand its implications and to mobilize support.
The district started supplying more
data on teachers to principals, asking them to weigh performance
observations, reviews of teachers» lesson plans, and in limited instances «value - added»
data based on test
scores.
The new system will rate teachers by looking at student test
score data, as well as the
scores teachers receive from
observations conducted by administrators.
Another issue that has cropped up in both D.C. and Memphis is how well the teacher ratings based on classroom
observations match the student test -
score data that make up the other half of a teacher's overall rating.
The
data are also raising new questions about the
observation components of the systems, which tended to produce the highest
scores.
I worry that vague terms like «multiple measures» lead non-educators to conclude that, if more than one test were used to produce VAM
scores, or if you also included
observations, using test
data is sound practice.
And considering the low - quality of subjective classroom
observations that are the norm for traditional teacher evaluation systems, the state laws and collective bargaining agreements governing teacher performance management discourage school leaders from providing more - ample feedback, and that the use of objective student test
score growth
data is just coming into play, few teachers have gotten the kind of feedback needed to build such expertise in the first place.
Executive chairman Ron Huberman said in May that examples of the
data include student test
scores, teacher
observation and evaluation
data or student survey
data.
One of the key areas of congruence throughout the state
data from Florida, Tennessee, and Georgia is the generally high
scores given to teachers during classroom
observations, a finding that comes right as new research is revealing clues about the properties of such
observations and how they are shaped by the norms within schools.
For the randomization, researchers in 2009 - 10 generated estimates of teachers» performance based on composite measures using
data from the surveys, prior test
scores, and
observation scores.
Designs for job - embedded learning include analyzing student
data, case studies, peer
observation or visitations, simulations, co-teaching with peers or specialists, action research, peer and expert coaching, observing and analyzing demonstrations of practice, problem - based learning, inquiry into practice, student
observation, study groups,
data analysis, constructing and
scoring assessments, examining student or educator work, lesson study, video clubs, professional reading, or book studies.
This article is primarily about (1) the extent to which the
data generated by «high - quality
observation systems» can inform principals» human capital decisions (e.g., teacher hiring, contract renewal, assignment to classrooms, professional development), and (2) the extent to which principals are relying less on test
scores derived via value - added models (VAMs), when making the same decisions, and why.
Evaluation systems often attempt to offset the focus on test
score data by incorporating other measures of teacher effectiveness, including
observations, peer review, and other teacher materials.
On this note, and «[i] n sum, recent research on value added tells us that, by using
data from student perceptions, classroom
observations, and test
score growth, we can obtain credible evidence [albeit weakly related evidence, referring to the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's MET studies] of the relative effectiveness of a set of teachers who teach similar kids [emphasis added] under similar conditions [emphasis added]... [Although] if a district administrator uses
data like that collected in MET, we can anticipate that an attempt to classify teachers for personnel decisions will be characterized by intolerably high error rates [emphasis added].
From here, develop a plan for how you can continue to analyze multiple
data sources (including test
scores, attendance records, student work, and student
observation) to confirm or refute your inferences about possible causes.
My paper in the American Journal of Education, The Stability of Observational and Student Survey Measures of Teaching Effectiveness, uses
data from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation's Measures of Effective Teaching study to investigate this issue, looking at the year - to - year stability of several well known and widely - used observational and student survey measures (the Framework for Teaching, the Classroom Assessment
Scoring System, the Protocol for Language Arts Teaching
Observations, the Mathematical Quality of Instruction instrument, and the Tripod student survey).
The result of each test of
data set quality or of
observation - simulation agreement was expressed as a numerical
score, and then these
scores were merged into an overall measure of confidence in the hypothesis that human - generated emissions have affected the regional climate, ranging from «none» to «very high».
Research Design: Sources of
data in this study consist of student demographic variables and reading achievement for 995 students and classroom
observation data using the Classroom Assessment
Scoring System collected across 46 classrooms in an urban school district in Wisconsin.
The
data input should be a matrix \ (Y \), with rows for
observations, and columns for persons, containing uncentered (or only grand - centered)
scores and NA for missing values.
Another way of looking at these
data is by plotting each
observation against the previous
observation, as depicted in the state - space plots on the right side of Figure 1, where the diagonal line depicts the autoregressive relation (based on the \ (\ phi \) parameter) underlying the
scores.