Sentences with phrase «observational bias also»

However, researchers found that observational bias also exists, as akin to value - added bias, whereas teachers who are non-randomly assigned students who enter their classrooms with higher levels of prior achievement tend to get higher observational scores than teachers non-randomly assigned students entering their classrooms with lower levels of prior achievement.

Not exact matches

Also, the spectra did not show any signs of binarity or artefacts, so although these three superflare stars with low S index are hard to explain with any of the proposed scenarios, we do not find any observational bias that can remove them from the sample population.

The most accepted theory establishes that the orbits of these objects, which travel beyond Neptune, should be distributed randomly, and by an observational bias, their paths must fulfil a series of characteristics: have a semi-major axis with a value close to 150 AU (astronomical units or times the distance between the Earth and the Sun), an inclination of almost 0 ° and an argument or angle of perihelion (closest point of the orbit to our Sun) also close to 0 ° or 180 °.

Not only does it use a small sample size, but it is a non-randomized, non-blinded, prospective observational study that may also be confounded by selection bias — in other words, the subjects may not be representative of the population of individuals with IBD.

This is true not only for stability, but also for issues of bias (another claim commonly leveled against VAMs that may well apply to observational and student survey measures).

Most observational studies also rest on cross-sectional comparisons where selection bias is difficult to confront.

Also, observational coding systems may be subject to a specific limitation when applied in pediatric samples — the coder may be able to detect the child's medical condition and this might lead to bias in their ratings.