Sentences with phrase «observational evidence of»

Validation for preschool MDD (based on meeting all DSM - IV symptom criteria) has been supported by the finding of a specific symptom constellation that was distinct from other psychiatric disorders and stable during a 6 - month period.22 Additionally, alterations in the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis reactivity similar to those known in adults with depression, greater family history of mood disorders, as well as observational evidence of depressive affects and behaviors were detected in preschoolers with depression, providing further validation.22,25,27 - 30 More recent findings from a larger independent sample (N = 306) ascertained from community sites (and serving as the population for this investigation) have replicated the findings described above and have also demonstrated that preschoolers with depression display significant functional impairment evident in multiple contexts rated by both parents and teachers.24

I don't think there is any robust observational evidence of a strong positive cloud feedack, either, yet all the models cited by IPCC assumed a strong positive feedback despite this.

For the rest son of Mulder has covered it, gradual adaptation is likely enough unless there is any observational evidence of run - away processes actually occurring.

Further, adding general observational evidence of the earth warming and the effects of that warming does not give any more weight to the theory you're trying to prove.

The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have much larger masses and consequently much longer time constants, but there is already observational evidence of nonlinear response.

That you do not accept observational evidence of that is not (of course) scientifically valid.

If it is there but we can't see it, we have no observational evidence of its existence, even if we fervently believe it must exist in spite of its no - show.

Clearly, since WMO (1992), this forcing has been investigated in an intensive manner using different approaches, and the observational evidence of the O3 losses, including the spatial and seasonal characteristics, are now on a firmer footing.

Lim,Y - K, et al., (2012) Observational evidence of sensitivity of surface climate changes to land types and urbanization,

And then the shrillness of pro-warmist alarm and outright hostility towards anyone who dared voice confusion, if not doubt, about the observational evidence of man's CO2 production being a progressive disaster for the planet, pushed me into the skeptic camp completely.

In their study, these authors rely on observational evidence of recent Arctic amplification (AA), i.e., a strong increase in lower - tropospheric temperatures in the Arctic compared with that over the total NH (see, e.g., ref.

An obvious observational evidence of something bad happening is even more intriguing.

IPCC concluded (prior to the Iglesias - Rodriguez paper) that there is no observational evidence of oceanic changes due to acidification.

You also dismiss that the OHC increase of the last few decades is observational evidence of the imbalance.

«Observational evidence of decadal change in cloud cover is seen in a 2009 study by Amy Clements and colleagues using surface observation of clouds from the Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS).

There is observational evidence of 23 cycles of warming and cooling (nine of the cycles occurred in the current interglacial period, the Holocene).

They say this» there is little direct observational evidence of the radiative impact of increasing atmospheric CO2.»

We also now have persuasive observational evidence of dramatic changes already taking place in the climate system, changes that are not in any sense small.

Because antioxidants are widely used, and because there is laboratory and observational evidence of potential health benefits, antioxidants are the subject of extensive research across NIH, including recent NCCAM - sponsored studies that have been investigating:

Our evaluation of a fossil fuel emissions limit is not based on climate models but rather on observational evidence of global climate change as a function of global temperature and on the fact that climate stabilization requires long - term planetary energy balance.

These results provide observational evidence of a link between helium stars and thermonuclear supernovae, and is a step towards understanding the progenitor systems of these mysterious explosions.

This new finding is the first observational evidence of water vapour being ejected off the moon's surface.

Recently, Narayan and his colleagues found the most direct observational evidence of this process: they identified four star systems where radiation seems to be disappearing into the maw of a black hole.

Observational evidence of the importance of grandmas in historical populations lends some weight to the idea, not to mention a warm and fuzzy feeling.

We know it exists by the extensive observational evidence of its gravitational effects in the cosmos.

However, it is very difficult to obtain observational evidence of the interplay between such stars and their surroundings.

The first real observational evidence of the Earth's motion came in 1729 with the discovery of the «aberration of starlight.»

Observational evidences of vocal learning in southern elephant seals: a longitudinal study.

Not exact matches

It's a body of evidence that has been tested and explains a observational fact.

However, beginning with Einstein's theory of general relativity, 1 and early observational evidence, 2 it became apparent that the universe was expanding.

This type of dating is not derived from empirical evidence but merely an interpretation of observational science.

Strong evidence from observational studies has shown that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease.

On the evidence side, I know that the evidence primarily comes from observational studies, and there are methodological issues with measuring dose and duration of breastfeeding particularly after the introduction of complementary foods, however the evidence is fairly consistent in showing a reduction in gastrointestinal, respiratory and ear infections (see «Breastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764214).

I didn't see any evidence (1) actually connecting the former to the latter, (2) that the differences at birth are lasting, (3) that the purported diseases associated with the microbiome in adulthood are the same ones associated with c - section (the author cites obesity, but we know that those observational studies re: c - section and obesity are deeply flawed by confounding)(4) that the «microbiotic» benefit of vaginal birth exists regardless of maternal health and matenral microbiome.

Because of these challenges, the bulk of evidence for hydrotherapy during second stage comes from non-randomized studies, we call this observational research.

Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration are based on extensive evidence from both observational and intervention studies of short - and long - term health benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants.13 — 15 Nevertheless, to our knowledge none of previous studies has systematically examined whether the increases in breastfeeding resulting from such interventions have equally benefited all socioeconomic groups.

It is considered the lowest form of evidence, ranked far below randomized trials and observational studies, which in this case all suggest that cry - it - out is not harmful.

Observational evidence demonstrates that exclusive breastfeeding until six months of age compared to mixed breastfeeding from three to four months of age reduces the risk of gastrointestinal infection in both developing and developed countries.

Because our study was a purely observational study, spitting up was defined as the presence of any visible regurgitation in the oropharynx of formula accompanied by evidence of increased respiratory effort (including coughing or sputtering) that was clinically worrisome to the caregiver.

Some barriers include the negative attitudes of women and their partners and family members, as well as health care professionals, toward breastfeeding, whereas the main reasons that women do not start or give up breastfeeding are reported to be poor family and social support, perceived milk insufficiency, breast problems, maternal or infant illness, and return to outside employment.2 Several strategies have been used to promote breastfeeding, such as setting standards for maternity services3, 4 (eg, the joint World Health Organization — United Nations Children's Fund [WHO - UNICEF] Baby Friendly Initiative), public education through media campaigns, and health professionals and peer - led initiatives to support individual mothers.5 — 9 Support from the infant's father through active participation in the breastfeeding decision, together with a positive attitude and knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding, has been shown to have a strong influence on the initiation and duration of breastfeeding in observational studies, 2,10 but scientific evidence is not available as to whether training fathers to manage the most common lactation difficulties can enhance breastfeeding rates.

In addition, there was no effect on breastfeeding duration when the pacifier was introduced at 1 month of age.280 A more recent systematic review found that the highest level of evidence (ie, from clinical trials) does not support an adverse relationship between pacifier use and breastfeeding duration or exclusivity.281 The association between shortened duration of breastfeeding and pacifier use in observational studies likely reflects a number of complex factors such as breastfeeding difficulties or intent to wean.281 A large multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 1021 mothers who were highly motivated to breastfeed were assigned to 2 groups: mothers advised to offer a pacifier after 15 days and mothers advised not to offer a pacifier.

But the observational studies (comparing like with like in both settings) have increasingly strong evidence and the authors are recommending adding that in a review of PHB.

Background: Observational evidence suggests that having been breastfed in infancy may reduce the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in later life.

''... For the warming over the last century, there is no convincing alternative explanation supported by the extent of the observational evidence.»

While such circumplanetary disks have been theorized to surround giant planets at birth and to control the flow of gas onto the growing planet, these findings are the first observational evidence for their existence.

But she concludes: «Ultimately, the role of diet in MS is an actively evolving area of research that will be further enriched by complementary evidence derived from a combination of interventional as well as high quality longitudinal observational studies.»

Theories abound about the nature of this elusive energy, and Perlmutter is hotly pursuing observational evidence to help find the answer.

Much more solid evidence for dark matter came from Vera Rubin, an observational astronomer, who in the late 1960s and early 1970s made detailed quantitative measurements of stars rotating in galaxies.

He concludes, «Mounting evidence from ecological and observational studies, as well as studies of mechanisms, indicates that the Western dietary pattern — especially the large amount of meat in that diet — is strongly associated with risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and several other chronic diseases.

Only one country had implemented standardized packaging at the time of this review, so evidence that tobacco use prevalence may have decreased following standardized packaging comes from one large observational study.