Sentences with phrase «observational records»

Created and used observational records of each child to engage him or her in activities aligning with individual needs

Pepijn Bakker and colleagues combine observational records of iceberg - rafted debris with climate models to show that the climate fluctuations seen during the Holocene may have been driven by small variations in the discharge of freshwater from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, amplified through the climate system.

I'd even propose a totally selfless design that takes the point of view of a scientist 20 year from now who, endowed with 20 years of observational records, looks back and says, «I wish those 2008 simulations had tried to do this and that; I could assess them now and use the validation to learn what that modeled process is really worth.»

One of the observational records employed in the GISS analysis is the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) data set for surface air temperature at meteorological stations, which is maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Climatic Data Center (NCDC).

Observational records of tropical storm and hurricanes are essential in order to discern how climatic changes have influenced tropical storms and hurricanes, and to build predictive understanding of the influence of climate on hurricanes.

«What causes the observed changes in precipitation and temperature is not something we have addressed because of the difficulties in doing so just based on observational records,» Villarini says.

I'm asking you for your opinion of the relative reliability of the presumably anecdotal and non-systematic observational records (perhaps when I read your article in more detail I'll see that there more more than just anecdotal and non-systematic observational techniques?)

In addition, observational records are available for surface temperature (space - based monitoring, in situ monitoring, and proxy data) and the radiation balance at the top of the atmosphere.

For such empirical forecasts regionally depth - dependent damping rates \ (\ lambda (x, y, z) \) could be derived from the lag - 1 autocorrelation of long term observational records of water storage and soil moisture.

The detailed observational records also pick up long periods of «similar» weather, such as many weeks of rain or long periods of drought, which might indicate the jet stream being in a favourable or unfavourable position, or a blocking high etc..

Of course plotting accurate instrumental or observational records becomes progressively less feasible as it is taken further back in time.

The Monaghan et al. study used the correlation structure in the ERA - 40 reanalysis (Uppala et al. 2005) to define the weights on the observational records that are applied at each gridbox on 1 ° × 1 ° degree regular grid with a kriging method.

The uncertainties in the observational records are discussed in detail in Section 3.4.1 and by Karl et al. (2006).

Over land, values of the relative humidity of surface air are determined quite directly from observational records for regions where plentiful observations of surface air humidity were made.

Scientists don't have good enough long - term observational records of tornadoes to tell, if climate change is affecting tornadoes, and climate models don't shed any light on the issue, either.

In one method, a statistical analysis of observational records was performed (using the KNMI Climate Explorer) to compare this summer's heat with summers during the early part of the century, before global warming played a significant role in our climate.

First, they rely on long historical observational records to calculate the statistical relationship, effectively limiting the variables that can be downscaled to temperature and precipitation, and the locations to those stations where these long records were collected.

Observational records show that anthropogenic - influenced climate change has already had a profound impact on global and U.S. warm season climate over the past 30 years, and there is increasing contrast between geographic regions that are climatologically wet and dry - the hypothesis that the «wet gets wetter, dry gets drier» is seen in a new paper by Chang et al..

From 2012 to 2016, California experienced one of the worst droughts since the start of observational records.

One recent paper (Libardoni and Forest, 2011) has addressed how alternative observational records of surface temperature changes have an impact on the probability density distributions.

Some don't like this because it doesn't fit their political message, so they try to spread doubt about the observational records of global surface temperatures.

reconstructing sea - level and ice - sheet changes on timescales ranging from the 20th century, to the late Holocene, to the last 150 thousand years, through statistical and geophysical modeling of geological and observational records;

Using those observational records, van Oldenborgh's analysis concluded that global warming has made a temperature anomaly like the one observed in 2014 in Europe at least 80 times more likely.

The study was based on observational records by a team around Irene Bender and Matthias Dehling of the fruit choices of birds in the Manú Biosphere Reserve on the western slopes of the Andes in Peru.

Co-author Nerilie Abram, from the Australian National University, said: «In order to better understand climate change in Antarctica, we need continued climate measurements in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, and extension of these short observational records with past climate reconstructions and climate modelling.»

(The average lunar day is about 51 minutes longer than the solar day because of the moons rotation around Earth and this allows scientists to reliably separate the two tides in long observational records.)

The scientists then verified the indices using available observational records.

Co-author of the study Professor Ian Hall, from the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, said: «Our results highlight the challenge of basing our understanding of the climate system on generally short observational records.

We've narrowed the uncertainty in surface warming projections by generating thousands of climate simulations that each closely match observational records for nine key climate metrics, including warming and ocean heat content.»

Indeed, tree - ring chronologies provide much longer histories than observational records and corroborate that variability and synchrony have risen over the past hundred years, and to levels that are as high as any observed over the past three centuries, according to the researchers.

For a start, observational records are now roughly five years longer, and the global temperature increase over this period has been largely consistent with IPCC projections of greenhouse gas — driven warming made in previous reports dating back to 1990.

Observational records indicate that 11 of the past 12 years are the warmest since reliable records began around 1850.

Finally, some important apparent inconsistencies noted in the observational record have been largely resolved since the last report.

Now Rebekah Dawson and Daniel Fabrycky at the Harvard - Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, say gaps in the observational record meant the planet's orbital period — originally thought to be about three days — was miscalculated.

«The state shift in atmospheric circulation is unprecedented in the observational record, which goes back as far as 1850.

Those heat extremes, the hottest in the country's observational record, were likely caused by man - made climate change, according to a new study accepted for publication in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.

Montana's snowpack has declined over the observational record (i.e., since the 1930s) in mountains west and east of the Continental Divide; this decline has been most pronounced since the 1980s.

But from an email conversation with Francis, Vavrus, and several other atmospheric scientists this week, it became clear that there may be more questions than answers at this point, given the large amount of natural variability that affects winter weather patterns, and the very short observational record of how the atmosphere responded to extreme losses of sea ice (only five winters of records since 2007).

I've already clearly explained above that one can not diagnose the «AMO» signal directly from the observational record because any attempt to do from actual surface observations suffers from the trend contamination problem.

With the availability of multiple years of data from new and improved passive instruments launched as part of the Earth Observing System (EOS) and active instruments belonging to the A-Train constellation (L'Ecuyer and Jiang 2010), a more complete observational record of ERB variations and the underlying processes is now possible.

The observational record contradicts the simplifying assumptions used in current models of ice sheet response.

Since our observational record is far to short to have documented any D - O event previously, we could be «blindsided» by the onset of such a phenomenon.

Talk to me in another 15 years — Based on advances in modeling technology and on the additional observational record, I guarantee that I will have modified my opinion several times during that period.

Arguably the very foundation of our understanding is the observational record.

Given the short length of the trustworthy oceanic observational record, particularly in the deep ocean, the ocean response to multi-decadal and longer natural forcings is virtually unknown.

Indeed, it is not clear how best to diagnose a regional forcing and response in the observational record; regional forcings can lead to global climate responses, while global forcings can be associated with regional climate responses.

Andy (or anyone else with full access)-- The abstract states that «Inferences from the observational record... indicate that models underestimate some of the changes in the hydrological cycle.»

Before jumping to conclusions, there needs to be much better justification of the basic assumption that we just happen to be sitting at a time when GHG forcing is larger than all other potential long term (longer than the observational record) oceanic imbalances.

However, during the mid-2000s, with several fewer years in the observational record, the trend in Antarctic sea ice extent was reported to be considerably smaller and statistically indistinguishable from zero.

The TAR showed sea level rise curves for a range of emission scenarios (shown in the Figure above together with the new observational record of Church and White 2006).