Sentences with phrase «observational results from»
Section VIII reports observational results from a broader sample and compares these to the lottery estimates.
https://academic.oup.com/ Not exact matches
But it's important to note that these results were from observational studies of healthy adults, and there could still be plenty of confounding factors that lead to dementia.
Although not directly comparable, our findings are in broad agreement with those from routine data in Scotland that have indicated a positive association between Baby Friendly accreditation, but not certification, and breastfeeding at 1 week of age.17 Our findings reinforce those of Coutinho and colleagues who reported that high exclusive breastfeeding rates achieved in Brazilian hospitals implementing staff training with the course content of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative were short - lived and not sustained at home unless implemented in combination with post-natal home visits.35 Similarly in Italy, training of staff with an adapted version of the Baby Friendly course content resulted in high breastfeeding rates at discharge, with a rapid decrease in the days after leaving hospital.36 In contrast, a cluster randomized trial in Belarus (PROBIT) found an association between an intervention modelled on the Baby Friendly Initiative with an increased duration of breastfeeding37 an association also reported from an observational study in Germany.38 Mothers in Belarus stay in hospital post-partum for 6 — 7 days, and in Germany for 5 days, with post-natal support likely to be particularly important in countries where mothers stay in the hospital for a shorter time, with early discharge likely to limit the influence of a hospital - based intervention.
The increased socioeconomic inequalities in breastfeeding observed in the intervention group supports the argument that population intervention strategies could inadvertently exacerbate, rather than mitigate, socioeconomic inequalities, particularly when the intervention aims to change individual behaviours rather than targeting «upstream» structural changes.25 Our results are also compatible with an observational study from Brazil reporting that breastfeeding rates increased first among the socioeconomically better - off, followed by increases among the poor, over a 20 - year period of active breastfeeding promotion campaigns in Brazil.26
Interventions to improve breastfeeding initiation, exclusivity and duration are based on extensive evidence from both observational and intervention studies of short - and long - term health benefits of breastfeeding for both mothers and infants.13 — 15 Nevertheless, to our knowledge none of previous studies has systematically examined whether the increases in breastfeeding resulting from such interventions have equally benefited all socioeconomic groups.
However, the results of observational studies from developing countries are consistent with the findings of the two Honduran trials, particularly with respect to growth.
Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors of 1 study reported a small deleterious effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.
These results are consistent with previous observational studies and relevant from a public health perspective,» the authors write.
The population - based observational study using patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Medicare database focused on 41,275 men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer between 2004 and 2007 and observed through 2009.
Meanwhile, results from these and other animal and observational studies appeared to clash with how anti-inflammatory drugs affected human hearts.
«The results from this and other observational human studies support efforts to reduce Penta - BDE exposures, especially for pregnant women and young children,» says Lanphear.
So a number of observational projects have taken a different tack, trying to identify small KBOs by monitoring background stars for sudden dips in brightness that might result from a distant object crossing the line of sight between the star and Earth.
These observational results were published as Aso et al. «ALMA Observations of the Transition from Infall Motion to Keplerian Rotation around the Late - phase Protostar TMC - 1A» in the Astrophysical Journal, issued in October 2015.
Co-author of the study Professor Ian Hall, from the School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, said: «Our results highlight the challenge of basing our understanding of the climate system on generally short observational records.
The first, by researchers based in the UK, Europe and USA, examined data from observational studies and clinical trials (an umbrella review) to summarisze health outcomes associated with vitamin D levels, both naturally circulating and as a result of taking supplements.
The modeling results match observational data from dozen of sites in eastern China.
«Results from our observational study in young adults with normal kidney function may not translate into a clinically meaningful difference and may be insufficient to inform decision - making concerning marijuana use; however, it is possible that the association between marijuana use and kidney function could be different in other populations such as older adults or patients with kidney disease, so additional research is needed,» said Dr. Ishida.
«We're looking forward to longer - term results to come in the next five years from various ongoing observational studies,» Dr. Arterburn said: The Utah Obesity Study, the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, and large cohorts from Veterans Affairs health system and the HMO Research Network (including Group Health) and should yield important long - term information comparing the efficacy, safety, and costs of surgical and non-surgical care for severe obesity.
Recruitment of feces donors among blood donors: Results from an observational cohort study — Simon Mark Dahl Jørgensen — Gut Microbes
They then present results from a series of observational studies to provide context.
A fact sheet about results from animal research and ongoing observational studies of people taking statins that suggest that these drugs may lower the risk of certain cancers, including colorectal and skin cancers.
From the results of many astronomical observational researches of stars and with the advancement of modern astronomy, it has been found that stars shining in the night sky also have various planets around them like our solar system.
Taking into account that some of these studies are usually observational in nature and collected from large groups of subjects, their results are not very useful for a proper explanation of why certain things occur.
In the past, results from observational studies raised concerns that frequent dairy consumption could increase prostate cancer risk (6, 7).
, Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with birth weight but not with gestational length: results from a large prospective observational cohort study, 2013
Results from observational studies however, have been inconsistent and vary by cancer site and other factors, including gender and genetic risk.
Results from 5 large observational studies have shown an association between flax consumption and reduced breast cancer risk, especially in older women.
Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and childhood growth and overweight: results from a large Norwegian prospective observational cohort study, BMJ Open, published online.
Reconciling conflicting results from intervention and observational studies?
And when the rigorous evidence is available from randomized controlled trials, often the results are at odds with the findings of the observational studies,» explains Dr. JoAnn Manson, chief of preventive medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and principal investigator of a large randomized trial known as VITAL (Vitamin D and Omega - 3 Trial).
20Sengpiel V. et al. (2013) Maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy is associated with birth weight but not with gestational length: results from a large prospective observational cohort study.
The match across designs is not as good for pilot high schools, where the observational analysis for lottery schools produces substantial and significant positive estimates, while the lottery results for ELA and math are small and not significantly different from 0 (though the match for writing is good).
Whether there is a divide between weather and climate scientists out in the field, the meteorological society's official 2007 statement on climate change very clearly accepted that people are jogging the system: «[S] trong observational evidence and results from modeling studies indicate that, at least over the last 50 years, human activities are a major contributor to climate change.»
Using the SFZ 2008 tar file archive data in combination with the deep - ocean diagnostic model and control - run data used in SFZ 2008, and a deep - ocean diagnostic observational trend calculated from the Levitus et al 2005 dataset, I can produce broadly similar climate parameter PDFs to those in the Forest 2006 main results (Figure 2: GSOLSV, κsfc = 16, uniform prior), with a peak climate sensitivity around S = 3.
b) when used with the HadCM2 - derived surface control data covariance matrix from the SFZ 2008 data, which I have largely been able to agree to raw data from the HadCM2 AOGCM control run (which data Dr Forest has confirmed was used for the Forest 2006 main results), the CSF 2005 surface model and observational data produces, irrespective of which upper air and deep - ocean dataset is used, a strongly peaked PDF for climate sensitivity, centred close to S = 1, not S = 3 as per Forest 2006.
Dr. Curry is preserving climate science claims and focusing on very short - term observational results rather than the central issue that AGW was invented as a political meme from inception.
Others have investigated this from an observational viewpoint7, 8 as well as through direct evaluation of model results at different scales9, 10,11.
Steve, you write «c) The observational record is still too short to constrain climate sensitivity (in part because of lack of knowledge about some of the forcings), so weakening evidence from this record doesn't change the result.»
This observational result shows that model sensitivities indicated by the IPCC AR4 are likely greater than the possibilities estimated from the observations.
Indeed, strong observational evidence and results from modeling studies indicate that, at least over the last 50 years, human activities are a major contributor to climate change.Direct human impact is through changes in the concentration of certain trace gases such as carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and water vapor, known collectively as greenhouse gases.
This evidence included results from improved models and updated observational data.
The new evidence included results from improved models and updated observational data.
Another point is that IEHO it is not easy to separate GCM results from observation, because the GCMs have been evaluated against observational data (note this is not tuning, this is sensitivity ananlysis in the broadest sense)
Nic writes «Given Forster & Gregory's regression method and observational error assumptions, the error (and hence probability) distribution for the resulting slope coefficient estimate can be derived from frequentist statistical theory, as used in science for many years.»
In the Working Group 1: The Physical Science Basis Report of AR4 («AR4: WG1»), various studies deriving estimates of equilibrium climate sensitivity from observational data are cited, and a comparison of the results of many of these studies is shown in Figure 9.20, reproduced below.
Given Forster & Gregory's regression method and observational error assumptions, the error (and hence probability) distribution for the resulting slope coefficient estimate can be derived from frequentist statistical theory, as used in science for many years.
He also presented evidence that much of the discrepancy was due to observational uncertainty, resulting from stratospheric cooling contaminating satellite measurements of tropospheric temperature (a point that's been noted by the NOAA satellite analysis team since at least 2004; see: «Contribution of stratospheric cooling to satellite - inferred tropospheric temperature trends»).
A low confidence in climate attribution results mainly from lack of monitoring, lack of a clear precipitation response, and inconsistency between the direction of reported trends and trends documented in global observational products over the default period.
Results from formal observational data assimilation into a numerical climate model of intermediate complexity are qualitatively in agreement with ours (Goosse et al. 2009).
The assessment of the best estimate and likely ranges in the grey bars includes the AOGCMs in the left part of the figure, as well as results from a hierarchy of independent models and observational constraints.