Sentences with phrase «observational studies»

Previous observational studies estimate that 60 to 90 percent of bariatric surgery patients who were obese and had type 2 diabetes were later able to maintain normal blood glucose levels without medication.

James O'Malley, PhD and former post-doc, Jaeun Choi, PhD recently had their paper «Estimating the causal effect of treatment in observational studies with survival time end points and unmeasured confounding» published in The Journal of the Royal Statistics Society; Applied Statistics.

Understanding the smallest gas exoplanets — theoretical and observational studies of their atmospheric properties

These findings are generally consistent with those from recent systematic reviews, some of which also included trials of statins for secondary prevention.47,51 - 53 Similar to other meta - analyses of primary and secondary prevention trials, 54,55 this review found no association between use of statins and increased risk of muscle - related harms, although some observational studies and randomized rechallenge trials found statins associated with increased risk of myopathy or joint - related symptoms.56 - 58 The large HOPE - 3 trial found statins associated with increased risk of cataract surgery, an unanticipated finding.14 No other trial of statins for primary prevention evaluated risk of cataracts or cataract surgery.

Observational studies have shown that the impact of El Niño is more severe during the below - normal epochs, while the impact of La Niña is more severe during the above - normal epochs (Kripalani and Kulkarni, 1997a; Kripalani et al., 2001, 2003).

No trials have been completed and few observational studies have been done comparing outcomes between cannabis users and nonusers.

«We're looking forward to longer - term results to come in the next five years from various ongoing observational studies,» Dr. Arterburn said: The Utah Obesity Study, the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, and large cohorts from Veterans Affairs health system and the HMO Research Network (including Group Health) and should yield important long - term information comparing the efficacy, safety, and costs of surgical and non-surgical care for severe obesity.

In a pooled analysis of 26 observational studies, McGee et al114 found summary relative risks of all - cause mortality for overweight of 0.97 (95 % CI, 0.92 - 1.01) for men and 0.97 (95 % CI, 0.93 - 0.99) for women relative to normal weight.

First they analysed the results of 12 observational studies, all published after 1993 and conducted mainly in the US, northern Europe and Canada.

The research, published Wednesday in Nature, is one of the most comprehensive observational studies to explore the effects of long - term drought on the Congo rainforest using several independent satellite sensors.

A body of literature based on observational studies and secondary CHD prevention trials of short - acting CCBs has suggested that CCBs, especially DHP - CCBs, may increase the risk of cancer, gastrointestinal bleeding, and all - cause mortality.14, 36,37 The results of ALLHAT do not support these findings.

Subjects were recruited from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center's longitudinal observational studies and from a Stanford University study on normal aging and mild cognitive impairment.

The project would also save money by gathering tumor samples from completed clinical trials and observational studies, as well as by piggybacking on planned studies.

In this new research, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for observational studies published from January 1966 through November 11, 2015.

But researchers recently combined the results of 15 observational studies in a meta - analysis conducted in the U.S., Europe and several developing nations involving over 53,000 homosexual men to determine if any evidence for protection exists.

The USPSTF based its recommendations on a meta - analysis of 136 clinical trials, observational studies and a systematic review evaluating the effects of supplementation on fracture and cancer risk.

Though the concept of food addiction remains provocative, the findings suggest that more interventional and observational studies be done.

The institute panel, however, discarded a raft of observational studies, in which researchers compare the health of populations who take vitamin D supplements with those who do not.

Earlier observational studies had shown a similar impact of ARVs reducing sexual transmission in heterosexual couples, but this was the first to demonstrate the prevention power of the drugs in a randomized, controlled clinical trial.

Although reanalysis of the available evidence is important, the ability to properly control for bias and confounding [factors that can influence outcomes] in observational studies is often limited, and without randomized controlled trials specifically designed to test the hypothesis, the issue of nonspecific effects of vaccines may remain subject to continuing debate.»

The research is among several recent observational studies showing an association between medical cannabis use and decreased dependence on opioids.

Observational studies are cheaper and easier than clinical trials.

This result provides further confirmation of previous observational studies that had suggested the existence of such a link.

Instead, researchers turn to observational studies.

Called the high - dimensional propensity score algorithm (hd - PS), it is a tool for improving not randomized clinical trials but broader observational studies, in which researchers watch a large pool of participants and look for correlations — like the fact that wine drinkers live longer than other drinkers.

The first, by researchers based in the UK, Europe and USA, examined data from observational studies and clinical trials (an umbrella review) to summarisze health outcomes associated with vitamin D levels, both naturally circulating and as a result of taking supplements.

Observational studies, like Rimm's vitamin E research, are not randomized, but they can provide a foundation for future research.

The British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology analysis included 49 case reports and two observational studies with 15 cases of adverse drug reactions.

Previous observational studies have associated higher maternal pregnancy vitamin D levels with increased offspring bone mass.

«Part of our hope is for the work is to give some wind to the sails of these observational studies.

These included trials in which participants were randomly assigned to different diets, as well as observational studies in which participants» intake of fatty acids was determined by asking them about their diet or by measuring the fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream.

As in previous observational studies, participants reported feeling less hungry during the week they consumed walnut - containing smoothies than during the week they were given the placebo smoothies.

«These findings are in keeping with several other observational studies that indicate that a slew of healthy behaviors, including increased physical activity, keeping a healthy weight, and lower intake of sugar and sweetened beverages, improve colon cancer outcomes,» said Temidayo Fadelu, M.D., a postdoctoral fellow at Dana - Farber Cancer Institute and lead author of the paper.

Observational studies are weaker than randomized ones because people who eat one way, rather than another, might have characteristics that benefit their heart health.

The results also motivate further theoretical and observational studies, such as the use of lower - energy gamma rays or X rays to help scientists understand the origin of high - energy neutrinos and cosmic rays.

Hall conducted several earlier observational studies that helped establish a TNFα production threshold that is associated with infection risk; if the TNFα response is below this threshold, the child's risk for developing a secondary infection or dying increases.

Such a randomized controlled trial is considered less likely to produce misleading results than observational studies, in which volunteers eat whatever they choose.

«While several observational studies have suggested that celiac disease is associated with different pregnancy outcomes, this research takes into account the actual levels of tissue transglutaminase that reflect the degree of mucosal damage associated with undiagnosed celiac disease or limited compliance to a gluten - free diet.

Observational studies have found that people of average weight tend to live longest3.

«The sources of this liquid water will require more observational studies; however, the research shows that the effects of relatively small amounts of water on Mars in forming features on the surface may have been widely underestimated.

The team typically conducts observational studies.

Large observational studies report that in severely obese individuals, bariatric surgery is associated with long - term reductions in all major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, CVD events such as heart attacks and strokes, cancer and all - cause mortality, including a 92 % decrease in diabetes - related deaths.

The study, conducted by researchers at the National Addiction Centre at King's College London, used data from 22 observational studies of THN programs in the USA, Canada, UK and Germany.

«This concern has increased in the last few years based on the results of a clinical trial and two observational studies,» he said.

Such observational studies don't establish cause and effect.

Using observational studies and experiments, the researchers discovered that a third partner, scale insects, are the most important resource affecting ant colony size and activity, as well as their effective defense against predators.

Meanwhile, results from these and other animal and observational studies appeared to clash with how anti-inflammatory drugs affected human hearts.

For the new research, the scientists were able to tap databases from two well - known ongoing observational studies that collect data on diet and other lifestyle factors and various health outcomes.

Observational studies, while sometimes contradictory, have suggested that arthritis sufferers do indeed benefit from using the supplements.

In observational studies of people, it's hard to say that osteocalcin directly influences blood sugar metabolism when there are so many factors involved.