Sentences with phrase «observational studies which»

This evidence of reduced resistance to bleaching in 2004 in corals at Butaritari supports previous short - term manipulative experiments and long - term observational studies which found that higher background temperature variability or previous exposure to heat stress conferred bleaching resistance [15], [33]--[37].

Others are observational studies which examine data in the whole population.

Not exact matches

First, the topline numbers: The study was an observational one rather than a randomized control trial, the latter of which is considered to be the «gold standard» of clinical studies.

From the observational studies, which consisted of around 406,000 participants in total, the researchers found a link between artificial sweeteners and a small increase in BMI (plus a slight increase in the likelihood of developing Type 2 diabetes).

We can not tell which benefits found in an observational study derive from breastfeeding rather than from the myriad other advantages linked with breastfeeding.

It is considered the lowest form of evidence, ranked far below randomized trials and observational studies, which in this case all suggest that cry - it - out is not harmful.

I said «good evidence» because there are indeed some studies suggesting that kids who consume more omega - 3s have better cognitive skills, but these are mostly observational or cross-sectional studies, which can be fraught with problems.

However, in contrast, the observational arm of this study (in which infants were not at high risk of developing atopic disease) did not demonstrate differences in the incidence of atopic dermatitis.

It appears that other types of protocols are utilized by the WHO, such as for the newly released Intrapartum Care for Positive Childbirth Experience, which includes all types of quantitative research, for example observational studies, and is not limited to RCTs.

Limitations to the current study included its observational nature, which doesn't prove cause and effect.

Background: Observational studies suggested that breast - feeding benefits the visual development of preterm children, which has been attributed to the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in breast milk but not most formula milks.

Second, because almost all of the studies examining this association were observational, there was a possibility of confounding, particularly by familial and socioeconomic circumstances, which could not be taken into account with the published data available.

This is an observational study so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, added to which the questionnaire captured dietary habits for one week only and it didn't include alcohol or coffee, which may have boosted calorie intake among the 18 - 19 year olds.

In a linked editorial, Dr Kathryn Fitzgerald of John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, emphasises the caveats for an observational study of this kind which relies on food frequency questionnaires that are not fully able to describe different types of fat.

«Much of our historical data about species» population - level responses to climate change comes from observational studies, which can suggest but not confirm causation,» said Anne Marie Panetta, lead author of the study and a post-doctoral researcher in CU Boulder's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (EBIO).

This is an observational study, so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, added to which confining the assessments to a period of four years might have underestimated the true impact of persistent distress, caution the researchers.

This is an observational study so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, particularly as the data on smoking and drinking relied on personal recall, which is subject to bias.

This is an observational study, so no firm conclusions can be drawn about cause and effect, added to which the information on misuse is drawn from administrative data and the findings were limited to insured adults in the US.

Researchers conducted a nationwide, population - based long - term observational cohort study using the Swedish Multi-Generation Register to monitor the risk of nonceliac autoimmune disease, which includes Crohn's disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and ulcerative colitis.

Such a randomized controlled trial is considered less likely to produce misleading results than observational studies, in which volunteers eat whatever they choose.

Observational data for the study was collected at the Mpala Research Centre in Kenya, a multi-institutional research preserve with which Princeton has been long involved.

Although an observational study of this nature can not assess the extent to which mass drug administration was responsible for eliminating malaria, it certainly indicates that mass drug administration should be considered and can be effective in local settings alongside other malaria control measures.

These included trials in which participants were randomly assigned to different diets, as well as observational studies in which participants» intake of fatty acids was determined by asking them about their diet or by measuring the fatty acids circulating in the bloodstream.

There were no language restrictions imposed on the studies, which included both real - world observational as well as clinical studies.

Called the high - dimensional propensity score algorithm (hd - PS), it is a tool for improving not randomized clinical trials but broader observational studies, in which researchers watch a large pool of participants and look for correlations — like the fact that wine drinkers live longer than other drinkers.

The institute panel, however, discarded a raft of observational studies, in which researchers compare the health of populations who take vitamin D supplements with those who do not.

This study provides the largest observational analysis of urologist adherence to AUA guidelines on the management of BPH / LUTS, which is not based entirely on administrative data.

Based on these assessments and following recommendations developed through observational and correlative studies, clinicians and their embryology colleagues then choose which embryo (s) to transfer to the womb.

Researchers have been actively engaged in observational research and the establishment of theoretical models of AGNs, but it is just the beginning of the study on the shielding effect on molecules, which was discovered by these ALMA observations.

These findings are generally consistent with those from recent systematic reviews, some of which also included trials of statins for secondary prevention.47,51 - 53 Similar to other meta - analyses of primary and secondary prevention trials, 54,55 this review found no association between use of statins and increased risk of muscle - related harms, although some observational studies and randomized rechallenge trials found statins associated with increased risk of myopathy or joint - related symptoms.56 - 58 The large HOPE - 3 trial found statins associated with increased risk of cataract surgery, an unanticipated finding.14 No other trial of statins for primary prevention evaluated risk of cataracts or cataract surgery.

The study, which focused on older women, was an observational study (as opposed to a blind study comparing two regimens).

We reviewed 10 observational studies, all of which showed some evidence that people who continue to smoke after a diagnosis of early stage lung cancer have an associated higher risk of recurrence, second primary tumour, or all cause mortality compared with those who stop smoking at that time.

The CMB carries a frozen imprint of the density fluctuations in the early Universe, the study of which, by the observational cosmology community, is intense and sustained.

In Boulder, Colorado, SwRI's Department of Space Operations is complemented by the Department of Space Studies (DoSS), which conducts basic observational, modeling, and theoretical research in a wide range of solar system and astrophysical topics.

«The authors mined data from a decade - old observational study, which was not originally designed to assess calcium intake,» MacKay noted.

Because this was an observational study, the results need cautious interpretation, but nevertheless support a need for ongoing research of the potential mechanisms which underlie this connection.

Don't take the words «research» and «study» without a grain of salt: It's often hard to draw «news you can use» from certain experiments — for example, those that aren't peer - reviewed or published in a credible journal, those that are performed on animals, or those that are purely observational — which means that other factors could be involved in the outcome.

Studies that reported as many as 20 % of statin users reporting muscle pain were also observational, which meant they relied on reports from patients.

These changes indicate the need for all studies in which the subjects have diabetes to be carefully controlled and not merely to be observational in nature.

All you can really do with data from an observational study is form a hypothesis, which must then be tested in randomized, controlled trials, to ferret out the truth about whether or not x actually causes y.

«Observational study found that low back pain patients receiving chiropractic care, which typically includes spinal manipulation, are more satisfied than those receiving medical care.»

In conclusion, this observational study — which involved multiple assessments — provides important information about the relation between dietary fiber and CRP.

However, this is an observational study in which the change in total fiber is small [mean (± SD) change = 0.57 ± 6.37 g / d].

However, the recommendation to eat fruit and vegetables to prevent chronic diseases is mainly based on observational epidemiological studies, which leaves much uncertainty regarding the causal mechanism of this association.

However, one large observational study linked decaf coffee with reduced liver enzyme levels, which suggests a protective effect (23).

among several alarming anecdotal articles (which I know not to take seriously as they are individual cases) a couple of observational studies are being thrown around that imply vegetarians and vegans are more likely to have mental illness and too many people are taking them seriously as fact and I find it worrisome.

However, these studies are only observational, which means they can't prove eating peanuts actually causes the reduction in these risks.

The China Study has serious flaws as detailed in various critiques, and the others you present are observational studies that can not and do not adjust for all confounding factors, the most glaring of which is the comparison of plant - based diets against average (i.e. poorly planned) omnivorous diets.

I will agree that BMI is not a good indicator of lean mass, which the study also mentioned could not be measured due to the nature of the study being observational.

In a clinical trial, the study controls the dietary intake, which is more complicated than in observational studies where the participants control their own diet.