Sentences with phrase «observational study designed»

50 cats were recruited to participate in an observational study designed to uncover the various activities that cats engaged in during the time that their owners are away from home.

Given the observational study designs with the inherent possibility of residual confounding and reverse causation phenomena, a cautious interpretation of the results is recommended.

Previous attempts to evaluate the Baby Friendly Initiative within an observational study design have often been limited by small sample size or reliance upon ecological measures of confounding factors.16, 17 The advantage of the Millennium Cohort Study is the availability of individual - level social and demographic information, as well as the circumstances of pregnancy and delivery, allowing adjustment for factors that in other studies may be associated with both policy intervention and infant feeding practices, via area or individual population differences.

This was a cross-sectional study, meaning it was a type of observational study design where the outcome and the exposures in the study participants are measured at the same time.

The results in Table 10 support the notion that the observational study design does a good job of controlling for selection bias in the evaluation of charter effects (or that there is not much selection bias in the first place).

The relatively low prevalence of recorded diagnoses of BOAS and other respiratory problems in the current primary - care population using a retrospective observational study design is in sharp contrast with the findings from some other prospective clinical studies.

Not exact matches

Design, Setting, and Participants Prospective observational study of 102 infants followed up as part of a US pregnancy cohort study.

Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors of 1 study reported a small deleterious effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.

The design of the study was retrospective and observational.

The cross-sectional observational design of this study does not allow for conclusions about cause and effect.

Although reanalysis of the available evidence is important, the ability to properly control for bias and confounding [factors that can influence outcomes] in observational studies is often limited, and without randomized controlled trials specifically designed to test the hypothesis, the issue of nonspecific effects of vaccines may remain subject to continuing debate.»

«The PURE study is observational in design and does not test directly whether reducing sodium intake in a population reduces cardiovascular disease outcomes compared to a comparable population, selected at random, that consumes moderate amounts of sodium.»

Since then, dozens of exoplanet atmospheres have been studied with this technique, though systematic studies of multiple exoplanets using the same instruments and observational designs have been lacking.

Early anti-pseudomonal acquisition in young patients with cystic fibrosis: rationale and design of the EPIC clinical trial and observational study».

Despite strategies used in study design and propensity matching analysis, there are inherent limitations to this observational analysis related to confounding, similar to most studies in healthcare that compare non-surgical technologies with surgery.

Despite strategies used in study design and propensity matching analysis, there are inherent limitations to this observational analysis related to confounding, similar to most studies in healthcare of non-surgical technologies compared with surgery.

A study needs to be designed to specifically look at diet and the effect on mammographic density, and not a study that makes observational conclusions based on a patient's memory, she said.

«The authors mined data from a decade - old observational study, which was not originally designed to assess calcium intake,» MacKay noted.

Research Design: This comparative case study draws upon interview and observational data gathered in three school districts.

This article describes the study design and methodology of the Western Canada Study, with emphasis on herd - selection criteria and study implementation, the collection of herd - production data, and the challenges of tracking individual animals in a large prospective observational study - as the Western Canada Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to study design and methodology of the Western Canada Study, with emphasis on herd - selection criteria and study implementation, the collection of herd - production data, and the challenges of tracking individual animals in a large prospective observational study - as the Western Canada Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to Study, with emphasis on herd - selection criteria and study implementation, the collection of herd - production data, and the challenges of tracking individual animals in a large prospective observational study - as the Western Canada Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to study implementation, the collection of herd - production data, and the challenges of tracking individual animals in a large prospective observational study - as the Western Canada Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to study - as the Western Canada Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to Study is the largest on - farm study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to study of its kind in North American cow - calf herds to date.

Design This study used retrospectively analysed observational data from VASM.

Given the ease of use of a questionnaire compared with an observational design, researchers can also conduct longitudinal studies to examine predictive or bidirectional links between parental strategies and children's emotional competences.

Our observational study has several strengths including multiple country contexts, adequate sample size, low study attrition and a cohort design with consistent measures of individual access to W&S and vocabulary test data across early childhood.

SS initiated the research, was the principal investigator, was responsible for the design and execution of the study, coordinated with clinicians, managed the St George's site, trained the researchers to use the measures, developed the observational coding scheme, participated in data interpretation, and wrote the paper.

Design, Setting, and Participants Observational cohort study of 6 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registries.

Although the current study has a number of important strengths, such as the observational design, the comparison of AD and non-AD children, the examination of real - time dyadic emotions using innovative state space grid analyses, and the inclusion of father - child and mother - child dyads, several limitations should also be noted and addressed in future research.

First, the sample size was modest, which might have been due to the methodological complexity of this study, as the study design required a heavy time commitment by the families (observational data, longitudinal design, and measurement of variables in both parents together).

The convergent validity of the QPCCE was tested in Study 2 using an observational design assessing parental emotion - related conversations during a Picture - book Task.

The goal of Study 2 was to explore the convergent validity of the QPCCE with an observational design.