Sentences with phrase «observations and model simulations»

However, closer inspection reveals some differences between the observations and model simulations.

Lynn, B.H., R. Healy, and L.M. Druyan, 2007: An analysis of the potential for extreme temperature change based on observations and model simulations.

«Shallow Precipitation Detection and Classification Using Multifrequency Radar Observations and Model Simulations.»

In a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, scientists analyzed observations and model simulations that show that the recent Syrian drought was implicated in the current conflict.

Both observations and model simulations implicate changes in the strength of the THC as the primary source of the multi-decadal variability, and suggest a possible oscillatory component to its behaviour (Delworth and Mann, 2000; Latif, 2001; Sutton and Hodson, 2003; Knight et al., 2005).

Agreement between observations and model simulations of Sun» $» Earth system variability differs markedly among different regimes.

Observations and model simulations show that the Antarctic ozone hole caused much of the observed southward shift of the Southern Hemisphere middle latitude jet in the troposphere during summer since 1980.

Observations and model simulations suggest that even though global warming is set into motion by greenhouse gases that reduce OLR, it is ultimately sustained by the climate feedbacks that enhance ASR.»

The eddy covariance observations and the model simulations over Europe illustrate the fact that there is a larger correlation of flux changes with rainfall than with temperature changes.

Numerous recent studies based on both observations and model simulations indicate that reduced Barents - Kara sea ice in late fall favors a strengthened and northwestward expansion of the Siberian high, increased poleward heat flux, weakened polar vortex, and ultimately a negative AO.

SAT observations and model simulations indicate that the nature of the arctic warming in the last two decades is distinct from the early twentieth - century warm period.

«Using observations and model simulations, we've demonstrated that rising Pacific - Atlantic temperatures were the major driver of rapid Arctic warming in the early 20th century.»

Methane plume over south Asia during the monsoon season: satellite observation and model simulation

Not exact matches

Working together, they will develop and test a variety of learning experiences in which students use online simulations to model energy - releasing and energy - requiring reactions, analyze and interpret data to make predictions about energy phenomena, and use evidence from their own observations or from simplified versions of scientific articles to explain phenomena and construct and critique arguments.

Mausumi Dikpati and her colleagues at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colo., used new observations of the sun's interior and new computer simulations to model the flow of plasma, or electrically charged gas, that carry the sunspots like a conveyor belt until they become powerful enough to burst free and erupt on the sun's surface.

What he found was that not only were the simulations much closer to actual observations, but the high - resolution models were far better at reproducing intense storms, such as hurricanes and cyclones.

With the new model, the simulations at last matched observations from IRIS and the Swedish Solar Telescope; spicules occurred naturally and frequently.

Changes in fall - winter rainfall from observations (top panel) as compared to model simulation of the past century (middle panel), and a model projection of the middle of the 21st century.

Likewise, while models can not represent the climate system perfectly (thus the uncertainly in how much the Earth will warm for a given amount of emissions), climate simulations are checked and re-checked against real - world observations and are an established tool in understanding the atmosphere.

NASA researchers have used last year's observations to refine computer simulations of the system and to produce 3D printed models (pictured, and available to download), which have helped them discover fingerlike protrusions from the bow shock.

«As astrophysical observations and simulations improve, we're doing increasingly precise comparisons between the models of how galaxies form and the observations of what galaxies actually look like,» Carroll says.

The observations fit well with computer simulations, and can be used to refine models of how large - scale patterns, such as the distributions of galaxies and clusters of galaxies, came to be.

They found the pattern has become more prominent in both observations and climate model simulations.

FMI has been involved in research project, which evaluated the simulations of long - range transport of BB aerosol by the Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS - 5) and four other global aerosol models over the complete South African - Atlantic region using Cloud - Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations to find any distinguishing or common model biases.

Faced with such ignorance of the nature of dark matter, astronomers try inputting different models of the dark matter into the simulations and see if the results match the observations.

For the earlier generation of models, results are based on the archived output from control runs (specifically, the first 30 years, in the case of temperature, and the first 20 years for the other fields), and for the recent generation models, results are based on the 20th - century simulations with climatological periods selected to correspond with observations.

This analysis by Sedláček & Knutti (2012) does not attempt to connect modelled and observed ocean warming patterns with human activity, but does demonstrate that natural variability is incompatible with the warming in the 20th century simulations, and with historical observations.

The effort uses innovative ARM radar observations from the MC3E field campaign to evaluate a series of high - resolution simulations, which results in an improved understanding of cloud transitions and how to diagnose these transitions in models.

The editors especially encourage the submission of high - resolution graphical information, animations of time - sequenced observations or simulations, and three - dimensional data models.

LASSO will enhance ARM observations by using large - eddy simulation (LES) modeling to provide context and a self - consistent representation of the atmosphere surrounding the Southern Great Plains (SGP) atmospheric observatory.

In a new paper, Schneider et al. outline a blueprint for a next - generation climate model that would employ advancements in data assimilation and machine learning techniques to learn continuously from real - world observations and high - resolution simulations.

A large ensemble of Earth system model simulations, constrained by geological and historical observations of past climate change, demonstrates our self ‐ adjusting mitigation approach for a range of climate stabilization targets ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 °C, and generates AMP scenarios up to year 2300 for surface warming, carbon emissions, atmospheric CO2, global mean sea level, and surface ocean acidification.

To improve parameterization, the researchers propose developing Earth system models that learn from the rich data sets now available (thanks, in large part, to satellite observations) and high - resolution simulations on local scales.

However, satellite observations are notably cooler in the lower troposphere than predicted by climate models, and the research team in their paper acknowledge this, remarking: «One area of concern is that on average... simulations underestimate the observed lower stratospheric cooling and overestimate tropospheric warming... These differences must be due to some combination of errors in model forcings, model response errors, residual observational inhomogeneities, and an unusual manifestation of natural internal variability in the observations.»

(Brown and Batygin figured out that it probably exists by using mathematical modeling and computer simulations, not direct observation.)

BVP simulations do not have such a dependence and have stable statistics regardless of how they are initialised (at least for IC perturbations within the range of actual observations and for the class of model that was used for AR4).

The period 1979 - 1999 was chosen because that was what Douglass et al used, and which is the maximum period of overlap between the AR4 model simulations and the observations.

Some of them are optimal fingerprint detection studies (estimating the magnitude of fingerprints for different external forcing factors in observations, and determining how likely such patterns could have occurred in observations by chance, and how likely they could be confused with climate response to other influences, using a statistically optimal metric), some of them use simpler methods, such as comparisons between data and climate model simulations with and without greenhouse gas increases / anthropogenic forcing, and some are even based only on observations.

Even putting aside the OHC data and fingerprinting, there is absolutely no evidence in model simulations (or in prevailing reconstructions of the Holocene), that an unforced climate would exhibit half - century timescale global temperature swings of order ~ 1 C. I don't see a good theoretical reason why this should be the case, but since Judith lives on «planet observations» it should be a pause for thought.

Are the observations of initial and boundary forcings of ocean models adequate to provide good simulations?

A detailed reanalysis is presented of a «Bayesian» climate parameter study (Forest et al., 2006) that estimates climate sensitivity (ECS) jointly with effective ocean diffusivity and aerosol forcing, using optimal fingerprints to compare multi-decadal observations with simulations by the MIT 2D climate model at varying settings of the three climate parameters.

Forest et al. 2006 compares observations of multiple surface, upper air and deep - ocean temperature changes with simulations thereof by the MIT 2D climate model run at many climate parameter settings.

In 2016, ARM continues to strengthen ties between observations and models, including an accelerated application of its data to modeling simulations.

However, the simulation of clouds in climate models has shown modest improvement relative to models available at the time of the AR4, and this has been aided by new evaluation techniques and new observations for clouds.

This Nature Climate Change paper concluded, based purely on simulations by the GISS - E2 - R climate model, that estimates of the transient climate response (TCR) and equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) based on observations over the historical period (~ 1850 to recent times) were biased low.

What he found was that not only were the simulations much closer to actual observations, but the high - resolution models were far better at reproducing intense storms, such as hurricanes and cyclones.

To analyze how Mount Pinatubo affected the global sea level, the researchers created model simulations and applied natural factors to them for observation.

New tools from data assimilation and machine learning make it possible to integrate global observations and local high - resolution simulations in an Earth system model (ESM) that systematically learns from both.

If only GHG forcing is used, without aerosols, the surface temperature in the last decade or so is about 0.3 - 0.4 C higher than observations; adding in aerosols has a cooling effect of about 0.3 - 0.4 C (and so cancelling out a portion of the GHG warming), providing a fairly good match between the climate model simulations and the observations.

These observations, together with computer model simulations and historical climate reconstructions from ice cores, ocean sediments and tree rings all provide strong evidence that the majority of the warming over the past century is a result of human activities.