Sentences with phrase «observations and modeling show»

Even the admirable Revkin doesn't get it quite right: On horizontal surfaces, observations and modeling show a role for melting in both the baseline ablation and the sensitivity of ablation to precipitation and temperature; melting is the dominant ablation mechanism on vertical ice cliffs; and though Kaser et al find «no evidence» about rising temperatures, it is only because the in situ studies don't cover a long enough period to detect trends.

Not exact matches

Six models showed favourable effects on primary outcome measures (e.g., standardized measures of child development outcomes and reduction in behaviour problems).13 Only studies with outcomes using direct observation, direct assessment, or administrative records were included.

Covering the period since 1950, the researchers show how the science has leaped ahead thanks to computerisation, mathematical modelling and new technologies of observation.

Observations and the high - resolution climate model CM2.6 show a strong relationship between a weakening Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) and an increase in the proportion of warm - temperate slope water entering the U.S. Northeast Continental Shelf, primarily through the Gulf of Maine's Northeast Channel.

By comparing the models to recent observations of clusters in the Milky Way galaxy and beyond, the results show that Advanced LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational - Wave Observatory) could eventually see more than 100 binary black hole mergers per year.

The study, which combined experimental observations with mathematical modeling, showed that the flow of liquid can have two significant effects on microbes: «It quenches the ability of microbes to chase food,» Stocker says, «and it helps microbes find surfaces.»

They then used the earlier observations of the changing abundances of the three pairs of predators and prey — leveraging data sets collected by other scientists — to show how the models would apply.

Shown are the 1988 - 2014trends in springtime ozone levels on days that were very smoggy (top panel) and of average smogginess (bottom panel), from observations (left) and from a model built by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (right).

«Guided by observations that show that the membrane thickness varies from pole to pole, we constructed a mathematical model that considers the egg to be a pressurized elastic shell that grows and showed that we can capture the entire range of egg shapes observed in nature,» said Mahadevan.

The study is a «painstaking analysis» of the fragmented satellite record and shows some consistency between models and observations of clouds, says meteorologist Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany.

The discovery was that Procyon, one of the most studied stars, shows no pulsations at all, which contradicts 20 years of ideas and observations, and forced astronomers to rethink their models for stars.

You speak of heat going into the oceans, but didn't the last IPCC report show model projections of ocean heat content vs observations, and there was no extra heat in the oceans?

With the aid of global Earth observations and data - driven models, the researchers show that on average, extreme events prevent the uptake of around 3 petagrams carbon per year by the vegetation.

The figure below, taken from the 2007 IPCC report, shows model runs with only natural forcings; model runs with all forcings; and observations of surface temperatures for the whole globe — land areas and ocean areas.

However, models do not get quite the same distribution of warming seen in the observations; the observations tend to show less tropospheric warming and more stratospheric cooling in tropical regions (e.g. 20 South to 20 North).

Over the last five years, the BAMS report has examined more than 100 events as part of a burgeoning sub-field of climate science that uses observations and climate models to show how human - caused warming has already affected the odds or severity of many of the weather extremes we experience now.

This approach allowed them to compare the rate and distribution of warming predicted by models with those shown in observations.

While complex, the take - aways are that the observations, shown in panels H and I, are much more similar to the all - forcings model runs (panel A) and the anthropogenic forcings - only runs (panel D) than to the runs using either all natural forcings (E) or only specific natural forcings (volcanoes only in F, solar only in G).

A more comprehensive comparison of models and observations is shown in Figure 2 of the Santer et al paper, reproduced below.

The team relied on climate modeling as well as observations to show that the effect is already occurring in the Arctic and is expected to increase in the future as the climate warms.

The observations show a bluer disc colour and a lower degree of polarisation for projected distances < 40au than predicted by the models.

Research (in Fama and French 1992, for example) shows that book - to - price (B / P) also predicts stock returns, so consistently so that Fama and French (1993 and 1996) have built an asset pricing model based on the observation.

It moves between his direct address of the show («Seeing the paintings and sculptures and models as small images makes me think about remnants») to fragments of narrative, personal observation, dreams, and excerpts from poetry and song lyrics.

Regarding all these hypotheticals of Earth - ssytem timescale feedbacks, etc - before results are brought forward with high confidence and reach a level of minimal academic disagreement, they should be understood physically, be exhibited in a range of models from simple to complex, begin to emerge in observations against natural variability, are shown to be robust to methodological choices and interpretation, and are borne out paleoclimatically.

All models show basically the same behaviour that is in line with basic theory and observations.

You speak of heat going into the oceans, but didn't the last IPCC report show model projections of ocean heat content vs observations, and there was no extra heat in the oceans?

Even with a near - perfect model and accurate observations, model - observation comparisons can show big discrepancies because the diagnostics being compared while similar in both cases, actually end up be subtly (and perhaps importantly) biased.

However, we have addressed the criticisms and have shown that the results remain — especially the profound disconnect between models and observations.

Nevertheless it is interesting to consider this alongside, say, Stott and Jones (2012) who showed that constraining the models with recent observations makes the higher end of long - term projections look less likely, although long - term warming is still projected.

And yes, there is such evidence — in the predicted response to volcanic forcing, the ozone hole, orbital variations, the sun, paleo - lake outbursts, the response to ENSO etc. that all show models matching the observations skillfully (which is not to say they match perfectly).

In some cases, reviewers and / or editors supportive of mainstream views totally block important papers from being published; McKitrick, McIntyre and Herman had to completely rewrite their recent paper — showing that high tropical tropospheric temperature trends for the last three decades produced by climate models are inconsistent with observations — as a study of applying statistical methods developed in econometrics, and submit it to a journal with a more open - minded editor, in order to get it published at all.

Abstract:... Here we show that a pronounced strengthening in Pacific trade winds over the past two decades — unprecedented in observations / reanalysis data and not captured by climate models — is sufficient to account for the cooling of the tropical Pacific and a substantial slowdown in surface warming through increased subsurface ocean heat uptake.

Comparisons with observations in these regions show good agreement between the model and the observations.

The GFDL model does happen to show the largest trend (and yet, as you point out, the SLP gradient in recent years does not exactly mimic the observations...).

The DSLPA index computed from HadSLP2 shows a much more «trend - like» reduction than the datasets shown in the manuscript, in which the 1970s shift plays a less pivotal role; though the amplitude of slope of the linear trend is consistent with the model and observations.

The evaluation of the model leaves much to be desired: no differences are shown compared with observations, and some errors are large.

A series of sensitivity tests show that our detection results are robust to observational data coverage change, interpolation methods, influence of natural climate variability on observations, and different model sampling (see Supplementary Information).

They do cite a study by Lindzen and Choi, which has shown, based on ERBE satellite observations, that the net impact of a doubling of CO2 including all feedbacks is likely to be significantly lower than the model - based estimates by Myhre for sensitivity without feedbacks.

In agreement with climate models, satellite data and hydrographic observations show that sea level is not rising uniformly around the world.

In fact, your charts show zero correspondence between observations and model products, excepting only that which may be attributable to random match.

Note that he used the past in his sentence «satellite data showed no warming» and then he goes on «The report showed that selective corrections to the atmospheric data could lead to some warming, thus reducing the conflict between observations and models descriptions of what greenhouse warming should look like.»

Since (by then) not all models showed more warming aloft than on the surface (which I wouldn't call a strong sign of reliability in the models) the gap between models and observations closed just enough to make both statistically compatible.

However, the simulation of clouds in climate models has shown modest improvement relative to models available at the time of the AR4, and this has been aided by new evaluation techniques and new observations for clouds.

He showed the kind of products that would be soon available to the Copernicus C3S service in terms of observations, reanalysis and model outputs.

McKitrick McIntyre and Herman wrote a paper in 2010 showing that the warming in the models was significantly greater than in the observations.

New research shows that models can reproduce interannual variability, but none can capture the distinction between eastern Pacific and central Pacific El Niño events that is found in observations.

1) Fyfe et al show the difference between model predictions and observations, but then note that there are several distorting factors in that comparison.

«The satellite observations suggest there is much more energy lost to space during and after warming than the climate models show,» Spencer said in a July 26 University of Alabama press release.

Updating this diagram to include 2014 is going to increase the discrepancy between the models and observations, because the climate models show an inexorable warming.

I think we can safely assume that if there was even one model that showed anything like a reasonable agreement with observations the alarmist propaganda machine would have made sure that it was on the front page of every newspaper in the land and at the top of every news bulletin.