Sentences with phrase «observations and modeling studies»

Available scientific understanding does not answer this question fully, but observations and modeling studies do show that a much faster sea - level rise than that observed recently (~ 3 mm / yr over recent decades) is possible (Cronin, 2012).

The VPL is based at the University of Washington, and comprises researchers at 20 institutions working to understand how telescopic observations and modeling studies can determine if exoplanets are able to support life, or had life in the past.

Based on previously reported analysis of the observations and modelling studies this is neither inconsistent with a warming planet nor unexpected; and computation of global temperature trends over longer periods does exhibit statistically significant warming.

Observations and model studies show that an increase in the lapse rate produces an amplification of the water vapour feedback (Sinha, 1995).

Not exact matches

Six models showed favourable effects on primary outcome measures (e.g., standardized measures of child development outcomes and reduction in behaviour problems).13 Only studies with outcomes using direct observation, direct assessment, or administrative records were included.

The strongest research methods for psychological studies are: qualitative findings versus quantitative; experimental rather than descriptive or correlational; controlled - experiment, meta - analysis, and observation designs over archival, case study, computational modeling, content analysis, field experiment, interview, neuroimaging, quasi experiment, self - report inventory, random sample survey, or twin study; and prospective (where subjects are recruited prior to the proposed independent effects being administered) and longitudinal (where subjects are studied at multiple time points) rather than retrospective or cross-section study.

By validating model results against geological observations, the study indicates that changes in runoff, sea level and wave energy have profoundly affected the past evolution of the Great Barrier Reef not only in regard to reefs evolution but also sediment fate from source - to - sink.

Previous research has suggested a connection between coal - burning and the Sahel drought, but this was the first study that used decades of historical observations to find that this drought was part of a global shift in tropical rainfall, and then used multiple climate models to determine why.

Nadeau also studies the potential impacts of climate change on species around the globe, using modeling, field observation and experiments to predict where species are most vulnerable and determine how conservation groups can best mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on animal populations.

Mission leaders were relieved and eager to begin their studies of cloud and haze effects, which «constitute the largest uncertainties in our models of future climate — that's no exaggeration,» says Jens Redemann, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, and the principal investigator for ObseRvations of Aerosols above CLouds and their IntEractionS (ORACLES).

«There have been some idealized studies using models, and even some indirect observations off the ice shelves, suggesting that El Niño might significantly affect some of these shelves, but we had no actual ice - shelf observations.

The most difficult thing here is the construction of reliable models based on our current studies and observations.

«Prior analyses have found that climate models underestimate the observed rate of tropical widening, leading to questions on possible model deficiencies, possible errors in the observations, and lack of confidence in future projections,» said Robert J. Allen, an assistant professor of climatology in UC Riverside's Department of Earth Sciences, who led the study.

The team compiled data from many studies and for the first time synthesized observations and numerical model output to develop a cohesive view of the carbon cycle in a large coastal region.

«This includes theorists studying dark matter and the formation of black holes, astrophysicists modelling the subsequent accretion process, and astronomers working on radio and X-ray observations.»

«Numerical models and observations go hand in hand in our research,» said Bart De Pontieu, an author of the study and IRIS science lead at Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, in Palo Alto, California.

Using published data from the circumpolar arctic, their own new field observations of Siberian permafrost and thermokarsts, radiocarbon dating, atmospheric modeling, and spatial analyses, the research team studied how thawing permafrost is affecting climate change and greenhouse gas emissions.

Using global climate models and NASA satellite observations of Earth's energy budget from the last 15 years, the study finds that a warming Earth is able to restore its temperature equilibrium through complex and seemingly paradoxical changes in the atmosphere and the way radiative heat is transported.

Now, scientists have studied Vega with the CHARA interferometer, an array of telescopes in California yielding crisp views of stars, and modeled the observations by using new computations of how fast - spinning stars age.

By combining satellite images of the ice sheet and wind stress data from observations and computer modeling, Greene and his collaborators were able to study the chain of events that brings the warm water to Totten.

The study, which combined experimental observations with mathematical modeling, showed that the flow of liquid can have two significant effects on microbes: «It quenches the ability of microbes to chase food,» Stocker says, «and it helps microbes find surfaces.»

«This study takes advantage of more than 25 years of observations and detailed model hindcasts to comprehensively demonstrate that these early predictions were right.»

«The dog is an invaluable model for exploring hereditary copper - storage diseases, and observations made in this study will benefit both canine and human patient populations.»

Eri Saikawa, who studies air pollution and its health impacts at Emory University, and wasn't involved in the new study, plans to use Wiedinmyer's data in a model to see how it matches observations in China and Southeast Asia, and to see how trash burning might be contributing to the substantial amounts of air pollution there.

For the study, Mahony and co-author Alex Cannon from Environment and Climate Change Canada looked at historical observations going back to 1901 and global climate model projections to the year 2100.

The study compared Simmons» and other scientists» models with field observations and laboratory experiments.

The study authors based their analysis on a combination of satellite observations of rainfall and vegetation and an atmospheric circulation model to track the movement of air masses.

The study is a «painstaking analysis» of the fragmented satellite record and shows some consistency between models and observations of clouds, says meteorologist Bjorn Stevens of the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology in Hamburg, Germany.

Using models and satellites The study authors» «cutting - edge methodology will allow observations to be used consistently to examine large - scale deforestation impacts on rainfall, and to refine and evaluate current models to support conservation planning in the tropics,» Aragao wrote.

But Spracklen's study suggests both the climate model projections and the observations may be correct.

In February, Australian and American researchers who compared ocean and climate modeling results with weather observations published findings in Nature Climate Change advancing earlier studies that explored the oscillation's global influence.

The work that led to the study required investment in detailed observations, model development, and high performance computing.

There are some caveats with their study: The global climate models (GCMs) do not reproduce the 1930 - 1940 Arctic warm event very well, and the geographical differences in a limited number of grid - boxes in the observations and the GCMs may have been erased through taking the average value over the 90 - degree sectors.

«This study confirmed that ocean circulation physics and K. brevis biology are equally important and that both immediate and short term prediction may be achieved using a combination of circulation models supported by in situ observations of physical, biological and chemical variables and satellite imagery,» concluded the researchers.

At this school, we will review physical models for cloud formation in Solar System planets, exoplanet observations, and laboratory studies.

Researchers have been actively engaged in observational research and the establishment of theoretical models of AGNs, but it is just the beginning of the study on the shielding effect on molecules, which was discovered by these ALMA observations.

Ongoing radio observations (SMA, JCMT, VLA) of Sirius A are being used to set an observationally determined standard for stellar atmosphere modeling and debris disk studies around A stars, as well as to take the first step toward characterizing potential intrinsic uncertainty in stellar emission at these wavelengths.

The discovery was that Procyon, one of the most studied stars, shows no pulsations at all, which contradicts 20 years of ideas and observations, and forced astronomers to rethink their models for stars.

A very recent study by Saba et al. (2015) specifically analyzed sea surface temperatures off the US east coast in observations and a suite of global warming runs with climate models.

The study of Earth - like exoplanets must begin with analogies to observations on Earth, and studies like ours help to apply Earth system models toward more general planetary system.

The modeling efforts continue to be incredibly important because they tie our physics - based understanding of how gravitational lensing works with the observations of gravitational lensing, and they allow astronomers to accurately search for and study extremely distant and lensed galaxies.

We encourage contributions on current and prospective observation technologies for GHGs, modeling studies to quantify budgets and / or uncertainties in GHG flux estimates, and evaluation and benchmarking of GHG estimates from Earth System Models using contemporary observations.

The analysis of processes contributing to climate feedbacks in models and recent studies based on large ensembles of models suggest that in the future it may be possible to use observations to narrow the current spread in model projections of climate change.

This method tries to maximize using pure observations to find the temperature change and the forcing (you might need a model to constrain some of the forcings, but there's a lot of uncertainty about how the surface and atmospheric albedo changed during glacial times... a lot of studies only look at dust and not other aerosols, there is a lot of uncertainty about vegetation change, etc).

Such observations prompted us to use human NSCs expressing c - Myc, as a model to facilitate the generation of iPSCs and to study the reprogramming steps.

The unique mathematical technique described in the study integrates field observations and cloud - resolving models to identify environmental variables important for tropical storm - cloud creation.

The reconfiguration strategy included high - resolution enhancements at its Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and upgrades at its North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site that will yield additional observations to support modeling and process studies.

According to the authors of the study, who used geological observations made using the THEMIS instrument on board the Mars Odyssey spacecraft, laboratory impact experiments and computer modeling of impact processes, large crater - forming impacts would have created tornado - like wind vortices that reached speeds of up to 500 miles per hour.

The research is a good example of how models and observations can be combined to provide new insights into wildfires, says Prof Guido van der Werf from Vrije University in the Netherlands, who was not involved in the study.

The studies of the solar system during the past several decades have proven that the understanding of our own planetary system can leap forward only with the combination of dynamical modeling and physical observations.