Sentences with phrase «observations of sea»

Observations of sea surface salinity in the western Pacific fresh pool: Large - scale changes in 1992 1995 Christian H nin

The Scripps team used NASA's CERES satellite instruments, as well as observations of sea ice cover made with other satellites.

Operation IceBridge is a NASA airborne mission that has been flying multiple campaigns at both poles each year since 2009, with a goal of maintaining critical continuity of observations of sea ice and the ice sheets of Greenland and Antarctica.

In contrast, before the altimetry era, direct estimates of GMSL changes rely on the coastal network of tide gauges that provide in situ observations of sea level relative to the land.

There are many tens of thousands of observations of sea - level change since the last glacial maximum, the overwhelming trends recognised in these observations is inconsistent with any significant sea - level fluctuations in the last two thousand years (see for example Lambeck, K., Yokoyama, Y., Purcell, A., 2002.

What climate deniers do is point to observations of sea level rise (these can actually go down locally for several years, following cyclical patterns) and then often say «hey, it's 2 or 3 millimetres per year — so that's 20 or 30 centimetres in a century» (or less, if they choose to cherry - pick half of a local natural cycle).

Recently, Willis (2010) used satellite observations of sea surface height and sensor buoy observations of velocity, salinity and temperature of the Atlantic Ocean at 41oN and found no significant change in the AMOC strength between 2002 and 2009.

So, as I was saying, GMT is difficult, satellite observations of sea ice extent have some complications, but not nearly of the same magnitude as GMT surface T records.

The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea surface temperature and Antarctic research station measurements.

As a result of limited satellite observations of sea ice thickness (for more information: Sea Ice Thickness Data Sets: Overview and Comparison), few climate modeling experiments have isolated the role of changing sea ice thickness.

Passive microwave observations of the sea ice area are well validated and reliable.

Several studies have shown that observations of sea surface height (SSH) are strongly correlated with the thermal structure of the upper ocean (e.g. Goni et al. 1996; Gilson et al. 1998; Mayer et al. 2001; Willis et al. 2004).

Actual visual observations of sea ice recently made from aircraft during buoy deployment operations over the Arctic by the Naval Oceanographic Office and National Guard confirm that the ice cover is noticeably thinner and that it is more fractured than in previous years.

The temperature analysis produced at GISS is compiled from weather data from more than 1,000 meteorological stations around the world, satellite observations of sea - surface temperature, and Antarctic research station measurements.

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from three sources: weather data from more than a thousand meteorological stations around the world; satellite observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

Arbetter, 4.7, Statistical A statistical model using regional observations of sea ice area and global NCEP air temperature, sea level pressure, and freezing degree day estimates continues the trend of projecting below - average summer sea ice conditions for the Arctic.

To conduct its analysis, GISS uses publicly available data from 6,300 meteorological stations around the world; ship - and buoy - based observations of sea surface temperature; and Antarctic research station measurements.

These graphs are based on observations of sea levels and climate in Europe in the past centuries.

Global climate model projections (in CMIP3 at least) appear to underestimate sea ice extent losses with respect to observations, though this is not universally true for all models and some of them actually have ensemble spreads that are compatible with PIOMAS ice volume estimates and satellite observations of sea ice extent.

The size of the temperature increase was calculated from thousands of measurements from more than 6,000 weather stations, ship - and buoy - based observations of sea surface temperatures, and measurements across Antarctic research stations.

The most recent observations of sea surface temperatures across the tropical Pacific Ocean (top) and how different those temperatures are from normal (bottom).

This was compared with historical tide - gauge and satellite observations of sea - level change for the «global warming» period, since the industrial revolution.

NASA's analyses incorporate surface temperature measurements from 6,300 weather stations, ship - and buoy - based observations of sea surface temperatures, and temperature measurements from Antarctic research stations.

In contrast, the Scripps team opted to directly correlate albedo measurements made by NASA's CERES instrument data with observations of sea ice extent made by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM / I) radiometers aboard Defense Meteorological Satellite Program satellites.

«It may even be possible to predict sea ice cover a year in advance with high - quality observations of sea ice thickness and snow cover over the whole Arctic,» said Cecilia Bitz, co-author and professor of atmospheric sciences at the University of Washington.

This seamy picture of sea otter life has been built up from nine years of observations of the sea otters of Monterey Bay in California.

NOAA's Coral Reef Watch uses satellite observations of sea surface temperatures and modeling to monitor and forecast when water temperatures rise enough to cause bleaching.

They looked at hourly observations of sea level between 1948 and 2008, which confirmed that the number of extreme tides followed peaks in the solar cycle (Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, DOI: 10.1029 / 2009JD013114).

Not exact matches

On the other hand, it must be admitted, this distinguished company has as yet been unable to achieve any significant measure of unity on the actual identity of the «Reed Sea» - other than in the astute observation that it must have been a body of water in which reeds commonly grew!

George Weigel has written a definitive refutation of the media's spin, which, predictably, interprets every sane (and commonplace) pastoral observation about the need for the Church to welcome sinners and accompany them in their efforts to seek sanctity as a sea change in Catholic teaching on sex and marriage.

Hardy souls (and fool - hardy photographers) tested their sea - legs by riding the waves in the observation lounge at the front of the ship where crests regularly broke over the bow and sprayed a window that was normally a good eighteen feet above the waterline.

Son of a French sea captain, Audubon arrived in Pennsylvania at age 19 and was immediately captivated by American birds, devoting himself to long hours of observation and drawing.

Early in the history of Martian observation the blue patches were taken for seas, and received names in keeping with the conception.

A frozen sea, surviving as blocks of pack ice, may lie just beneath the surface of Mars, suggest observations from Europe's Mars Express spacecraft.

By validating model results against geological observations, the study indicates that changes in runoff, sea level and wave energy have profoundly affected the past evolution of the Great Barrier Reef not only in regard to reefs evolution but also sediment fate from source - to - sink.

Observations from Earth in 2007 spotted no sign of sodium, casting doubt on such a subsurface sea.

Change of temperature may therefore serve as a warning, and frequent observations, both of the temperature of the air and the sea, should be taken and considered.

«Sea level observations are telling us that during the past 100 years sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expanSea level observations are telling us that during the past 100 years sea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expansea level has risen at an average rate of 1.7 millimeters per year,» most of that due to thermal expansion as the top 700 meters of the oceans warms and expands.

«Although a direct causal link has not been established between the atmospheric phenomena observed in late October 2012 and the record - breaking sea - ice loss observed during the preceding summer months, all of the observations are consistent with such an interpretation,» states the Oceanography article.

Our study also covered a longer time period, and included more in - situ observations of deep - sea debris than any previous study I'm aware of.»

cat team leader Paul Scott says, Without interferometry, any sort of observation would be impossible at a sea - level site like Cambridge.

This global biological recordbased on daily observations of ocean algae and land plants from NASAs Sea - viewing Wide Field - of - View Sensor (SeaWiFS) missionwill enable scientists to study the fate of atmospheric carbon, terrestrial plant productivity and the health of the oceans food web.

Scientific observations show that in the Arctic, warming temperatures have led to a 75 % loss in sea ice volume since the 1980s, and recent reports suggest the Arctic Ocean will be nearly free of summer sea ice by 2050, said Sullivan.

This type of analysis may be useful for future applications of using seismic records to track the strength of sea ice over large regions, which has been difficult to determine from satellite observations.»

In the largest study of its kind to date, researchers used mitochondrial DNA microsatellites from skin samples gathered from more than 3,000 individual humpback whales across the Southern Hemisphere and the Arabian Sea to examine how whale populations are related to one another, a question that is difficult to answer with direct observations of whales in their oceanic environment.

And Mariko Sato of the Japan Coast Guard in Tokyo and colleagues actually measured the motion of the sea floor before and after subsea GPS observations.

Projects funded during the 2007 - 2008 International Polar Year, for example, documented different Arctic native populations» rich vocabulary for different types of sea ice and plumbed the communities» observation of changing caribou behavior.

Total sea ice cover on the Arctic Ocean peaked on March 7, satellite observations show, reaching a total area of 14.42 million square kilometers.

The research concludes that for other changes, such as regional warming and sea ice changes, the observations over the satellite - era since 1979 are not yet long enough for the signal of human - induced climate change to be clearly separated from the strong natural variability in the region

Even when there doesn't happen to be an overpass at surge time, the statistics of sea level that we got from more than 20 years of repeated altimetric observations in the area can still be combined with data from nearby tide gauges to improve the forecasts of the expected surge.»