In the past, about 15 years, there is
an observed change in the atmosphere of the Arctic sea - level pressure (see previous blog).
Not exact matches
Some Christians, at least, do not appear to have properly
observed this
change of
atmosphere in thinking.
Satellite measurements and a model of how efficiently maize converts that light to mass, reveal that solar brightening, an increase
in the sunlight penetrating the
atmosphere and reaching Earth, accounted for 27 % of the yield increase U.S. Corn Belt farmers have
observed between 1984 and 2013, researchers report today
in Nature Climate
Change.
The research has also contributed to answering the important question whether the increase
in rainfall
observed in the tropics was simply caused by the fact of a warmer
atmosphere or whether the underlying circulation
in that region had
changed.
A few of the main points of the third assessment report issued
in 2001 include: An increasing body of observations gives a collective picture of a warming world and other
changes in the climate system; emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to alter the
atmosphere in ways that are expected to affect the climate; confidence
in the ability of models to project future climate has increased; and there is new and stronger evidence that most of the warming
observed over the last 50 years is attributable to human activities.
«A lot of advantages have come from
observing it over a long period of time and seeing the patterns of
changes in the
atmosphere.»
However, radiation
changes at the top of the
atmosphere from the 1980s to 1990s, possibly related
in part to the El Niño - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, appear to be associated with reductions
in tropical upper - level cloud cover, and are linked to
changes in the energy budget at the surface and
changes in observed ocean heat content.
As the planet spins, Hubble was able to
observe changes in brightness caused by clouds within its
atmosphere.
So
in current climate models, natural causes alone are extremely unlikely to explain the
observed changes in the thermal structure of the
atmosphere.
Our understanding of volcanic discharges would have to be shown to be very mistaken before volcanic CO2 discharges could be considered anything but a bit player
in contributing to the recent
changes observed in the concentration of CO2
in the Earth's
atmosphere.
As with much of her earlier work, the domestic setting continues to be fertile ground for nuanced explorations of
changes in atmosphere, although for the first time the artist has intervened
in the scene she previously had only
observed.
The results show that the full glacial - to - interglacial
change in 13C / 12C of the
atmosphere — which took many thousand years — was about 0.03 % 00 or about 5 times less than that
observed in the last 150 years.
One of those proposed and
observed mechanisms involves
changes in Pacific winds which cause more heat to be transferred from the
atmosphere to the ocean (you can read a paper if you want the details).
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
Change (UNFCCC),
in its Article 1, defines climate
change as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
change as: «a
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods».
«a
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over considerable time periods.»
«
Observed changes in top - of - the -
atmosphere radiation and upper - ocean heating consistent within uncertainty,» N.G. Loeb, et al, Nature Geosciences 1/22/12 http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo1375.html
Changes have also been
observed in ocean -
atmosphere interactions
in the Pacific.
What's lost
in a lot of the discussion about human - caused climate
change is not that the sum of human activities is leading to some warming of the earth's temperature, but that the
observed rate of warming (both at the earth's surface and throughout the lower
atmosphere) is considerably less than has been anticipated by the collection of climate models upon whose projections climate alarm (i.e., justification for strict restrictions on the use of fossil fuels) is built.
«Anthropogenic Climate
change» means a quantified
change of climate which isattributed directly or indirectly to human activity and distinguished from natural causes that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate trends and variability
observed over comparable time periods.
These trends are consistent with expectations of increased concentrations of heat - trapping gases and
observed changes in concentrations of certain particles
in the
atmosphere.14, 114
«We estimate that the amount of carbon sequestered
in the growing forests was about 10 to 50 percent of the total carbon that would have needed to come out of the
atmosphere and oceans at that time to account for the
observed changes in carbon dioxide concentrations,» said Nevle, a visiting scholar
in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Stanford.
on Statistics Of Loeb's «
Observed Changes In Top - Of - The -
Atmosphere Radiation And Upper - Ocean Heating Consistent Within Uncertainty»
Brought to You by SEPP (www.SEPP.org) The Science and Environmental Policy Project ################################################### Quote of the Week: «a
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over considerable time periods.»
Climate
change is defined by the Convention as «
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods» (article 1 (2)-RRB-.
On the text on a large fraction of climate
change being irreversible on a multi-century to millennial time scale, the Russian Federation
observed that global warming was reversible as opposed to CO2 concentrations
in the
atmosphere that were not.
January 24, 2012 by Briggs6 Comments on Statistics Of Loeb's «
Observed Changes In Top - Of - The -
Atmosphere Radiation And Upper - Ocean Heating Consistent Within Uncertainty» Statistics
Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess
observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled
atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify
changes in sapflow potential through 2100.
«
Changes in the
atmosphere, specifically atmospheric pressure around the world, and the motions of the winds that may be related to such climate signals as El Niño are strong enough that their effect is
observed in the Earth's rotation signal,» said David A. Salstein, an atmospheric scientist from Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc., of Lexington, Mass., who led a recent study.
This graph displays the close connection between the global angular momentum of the
atmosphere derived from wind analyses (darker red curve, scale on right) and the
observed changes in the length of day (lighter green curve, scale on left), after removing low frequencies, for the years 2000/2001.
State one credible documented instance where any
observed statistically significant
change in climate could be solely attributed to levels of CO2
in the
atmosphere.
A homogeneous climate record is one
in which all
observed climate variations are due to the behaviour of the
atmosphere, not other influences, such as
changes in location, exposure of the observation site, instrumentation type or measuring procedure.
«Global warming, which is a part of climate
change, is the
observed increase
in average temperature of the Earth's surface and
atmosphere.
One more reason to discount the blame CO2 first dogma put forth by warmist climate science»... «
In our study [Beaulieua et al.], most streams were sources of N2O to the atmosphere and the highest emission rates were observed in streams draining urban basins... his estimate of stream and river N2O emissions is three times greater than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.&raqu
In our study [Beaulieua et al.], most streams were sources of N2O to the
atmosphere and the highest emission rates were
observed in streams draining urban basins... his estimate of stream and river N2O emissions is three times greater than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.&raqu
in streams draining urban basins... his estimate of stream and river N2O emissions is three times greater than estimated by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change.»
Statistics Of Loeb's «
Observed Changes In Top - Of - The -
Atmosphere Radiation And Upper - Ocean Heating Consistent Within Uncertainty»
The pattern of warming that we have
observed,
in which warming has occurred
in the lower portions of the
atmosphere (the troposphere) and cooling has occurred at higher levels (the stratosphere), is consistent with how greenhouse gases work — and inconsistent with other factors that can affect the global temperature over many decades, like
changes in the sun's energy.
This usage differs from that
in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), which defines «climate change» as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&
Change (UNFCCC), which defines «climate
change» as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&
change» as: «a
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods»
How do you know whether any of the
change in global temperatures that have been
observed was caused by additional CO2
in the
atmosphere?
I'd just like to make sure I understood your post correctly: the common answer to the «contrarian talking point» that much of the
observed recent climate
change could just be caused by natural variability
in the climate system is that this would imply, broadly speaking, heat being moved from the oceans to the
atmosphere — whereas we
observe the opposite, oceans storing heat.
The advantage of recognising a reversed sign for the solar effect high up
in the
atmosphere is that it enables a scenario whereby the bottom up effects of ocean cycles and the top down effects of solar variability can be seen to be engaged
in a complex ever
changing dance with the primary climate response being
changes in the tropospheric air circulation systems to give us the
observed natural climate variability via cyclical latitudinal shifts
in all the air circulation systems and notably the jet streams.
Multiquantum
changing transitions are weak, but they can be
observed, both
in the laboratory and the
atmosphere.
Note that there is much evidence that many of the atmospheric circulation
changes we
observe, particularly
in the extra-tropics, are the net result of irregular fluctuations between preferred states of the
atmosphere (Palmer, 1993, 1999) that last for much shorter times.
The Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
Change (UNFCCC),
in its Article 1, defines climate
change as: «a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
change as: «a
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&r
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods».
«The solar fingerprint shows a vertical pattern of free
atmosphere temperature
changes that has warming throughout the
atmosphere unlike the
observed pattern of warming
in the troposphere and cooling
in the stratosphere -LSB-...]» http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00191.1
It is also defined by the United Nations Convention on Climate
Change as «change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&
Change as «
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods&
change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global
atmosphere and which is
in addition to natural climate variability
observed over comparable time periods»
Evidence for
changes in the climate system abounds, from the top of the
atmosphere to the depths of the oceans (Figure 2.1).1 Scientists and engineers from around the world have compiled this evidence using satellites, weather balloons, thermometers at surface stations, and many other types of
observing systems that monitor the Earth's weather and climate.
The new research uses multiple runs of a coupled ocean -
atmosphere computer model to simulate global temperature
changes in response to climate forcing when the sea surface temperature (SST)
in the el Niño region follows its historically
observed values.
Our understanding of volcanic discharges would have to be shown to be very mistaken before volcanic CO2 discharges could be considered anything but a bit player
in contributing to the recent
changes observed in the concentration of CO2
in the Earth's
atmosphere.
CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and
Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land -
Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role
in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice
Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction
Are
observed changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide
in the
atmosphere really dangerous?
Observed free
atmosphere temperature
changes are discussed
in Section 3.4.1 and Karl et al. (2006) provide a comprehensive review.