Sentences with phrase «observed changes»

Detection and attribution of observed changes in the frequency and / or intensity of extremes, and

New text was added by delegates to the chapeau of this section as a result of related discussions on global temperature increase under the section «Observed changes in the climate system.»

The group also agreed to insert text into the chapeau of the section on future climate change, which, among other things, clarifies that considering observed changes between different periods is necessary to place projections in historical context.

January 24, 2012 by Briggs6 Comments on Statistics Of Loeb's «Observed Changes In Top - Of - The - Atmosphere Radiation And Upper - Ocean Heating Consistent Within Uncertainty» Statistics

However, most of today's observed changes are occurring as a result of anthropogenic warming due to the large amount of CO2 that humans have added to the atmosphere.

Powell wrote that he observed changes in landscape and scenery along the boundary as he traveled from east to west, seeing the lush greenery and flowers give way to ground that «gradually becomes naked,» calling it «a wonderful transformation,» the study authors reported.

on Statistics Of Loeb's «Observed Changes In Top - Of - The - Atmosphere Radiation And Upper - Ocean Heating Consistent Within Uncertainty»

«We estimate that the amount of carbon sequestered in the growing forests was about 10 to 50 percent of the total carbon that would have needed to come out of the atmosphere and oceans at that time to account for the observed changes in carbon dioxide concentrations,» said Nevle, a visiting scholar in the Department of Geological and Environmental Sciences at Stanford.

These trends are consistent with expectations of increased concentrations of heat - trapping gases and observed changes in concentrations of certain particles in the atmosphere.14, 114

If you'll look here, on page 16 of 44 you can look at the accuracy of the model runs compared to observed changes.

Human - induced forcing exhibited a slow rise during the early part of the last century but then accelerated after 1960.2 Thus, these graphs highlight observed changes in climate during the period of rapid increase in human - caused forcing and also reveal how well climate models simulate these observed changes.

So, to argue against the observed changes being anthropogenic, you are left to somehow argue that CO2 is not human derived.

Daily maximum and minimum temperature data at 121 well - distributed stations for the period 1970 - 2003 have been used to study the observed changes in objectively defined values...

There is a couple tenths of a W / m2 of long - term solar forcing (warming) that is inferred the observed changes in the sunspot cycle (which we include in our climate simulations, including the UV variations).

The observed changes can be expressed as a shift of the circulation towards the structure associated with one sign of these preferred patterns.

From this small set, they applied the resulting model to the wider Greenland Ice Sheet, in order to work out the expected sea - level rise just from the most recent observed changes - and so figure out a «committed level of sea - rise».

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Over that time, scientists have observed changes to the environment that are «unprecedented over decades to millennia.»

Attribution of any observed changes to climate trends are further complicated by the fact that models linking climate and agriculture must, implicitly or explicitly, make assumptions about farmer behaviour.

Similarly, attribution of climate change to anthropogenic causes involves statistical analysis and the assessment of multiple lines of evidence to demonstrate, within a pre-specified margin of error, that the observed changes are (1) unlikely to be due entirely to natural internal climate variability; (2) consistent with estimated or modelled responses to the given combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing; and (3) not consistent with alternative, physically plausible explanations of recent climate change.

Before we accept AGW there is a lot more work to be done to exclude natural variability as the explanation for the observed changes in temperature and precipitation.

Detection and attribution of observed changes and responses in systems to anthropogenic forcing is usually a two - stage process (IPCC, 2003).

Extending detection and attribution analysis to observed changes in natural and managed systems is more complex.

It is therefore important to test the ability of climate models to simulate them (see Section TS.4, Box TS.7) and to consider the extent to which observed changes related to these patterns are linked to internal variability or to anthropogenic climate change.

In the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), an appendix to WGI Chapter 9, «Understanding and attributing climate change» [i], was devoted to these methods, which provided six of the chapter's eight estimated probability density functions (PDFs) for S inferred from observed changes in climate.

Scientists reached this conclusion after contrasting observed changes to different types of drivers.

Instead he saw the hand of nature behind the many observed changes to the planetary climate; climate has been on - the - go «ever since the earth was formed,» he said.

And other factors completely unrelated to the climate could more credibly account for the observed changes.

Warming is unequivocal; observed changes are unprecedented; atmosphere and ocean have warmed, snow and ice reduced, and sea level risen

«Observed changes in top - of - the - atmosphere radiation and upper - ocean heating consistent within uncertainty,» N.G. Loeb, et al, Nature Geosciences 1/22/12 http://www.nature.com/ngeo/journal/vaop/ncurrent/full/ngeo1375.html

This has been performed using studies with climate models to assess observed changes in several different physical and biological systems.

1799 Thomas Jefferson also penned a paper on observed changes in climate which he stated was probably caused by man.

The scientists working on the IPCC assessments have carefully documented observed changes in air temperature, ocean temperature, ice retreat, and sea level rise since the past century.

When the IPCC claimed that the GCM models (with GHG forcing included) could replicate the observed changes in global average temperatures do you know if they were referring to a truly global measurement or were they just using the US temp record?

An assessment of the relationship between significant observed changes from Section 1.3 and significant regional temperature changes is presented in Section 1.4.2.3.

Tell us why you think that virtually every nation, state, county, city, the military are developing action plans and policies for adaptation & mitigation based on the science that is pointing to us being responsible for the observed changes in our ecosystem.

While this does not invalidate the aerosol indirect effect at all, it underlines the limitations in using satellite observed changes in droplet size to compute the aerosol indirect forcing.

In doing so I provide a new conceptual overview of Earth's climate mechanism which appears to fit all observed changes in atmospheric temperature trends and, in view of the failure of existing climate models, I suggests a path forward for further research.

(6) CO2 released from anthropogene sources apparently has little influence on the observed changes in atmospheric CO2, and changes in atmospheric CO2 are not tracking changes in human emissions.

Multi-signal detection and attribution analyses, which quantify the contributions of different natural and anthropogenic forcings to observed changes, show that greenhouse gas forcing alone during the past half century would likely have resulted in greater than the observed warming if there had not been an offsetting cooling effect from aerosol and other forcings.

``... it is now very likely that anthropogenic forcing has contributed to the observed changes in the frequency and intensity of daily temperature extremes on the global scale since the mid-20th century.

Granted, it is «slow» right now, but the melting has been increasing quite substantially, and whereas the IPCC had been speaking in the neighborhood of a sea level increase of 50 cm, figures between one to two meters are becoming common as the result of observed changes, and with the nonlinear processes and resulting positive feedback, Jim Hansen has suggested that a sea level doubling per decade and increase of several meters (up to 5 m) by the end of the century is more realistic.

The highest observed changes have been in the Japanese and Phillipine islands.

Long time scale climate change evidence was there too (though arguably murkier) but without a single, clear, over-arching mechanism that could explain all the observed changes across scales of space and time.

That has nothing to do with the invention of some novel solar mechanism (although the exact mechanism is not known), but with the implementation of the observed changes in clouds, as result of solar changes, in the models.

In a paper that recently appeared in Nature, Vecchi, Soden, Wittenberg, Held, Leetmaa and Harrison present intriguing new results which suggest that there has already been a weakening of the Walker circulation in the past century, and that the observed changes are consistent with those expected as a response to increases in anthropogenic greenhouse gases.

There's nothing in the paper that indicates that the observed changes in hurricane intensity are due to natural cycles, regardless of Landsea's attempts to spin the article on Pielke's website.

That study addressed a puzzle, namely that recent studies using the observed changes in Earth's surface temperature suggested climate sensitivity is likely towards the lower end of the estimated range.

However, the observed changes seem to suggest that the answer may turn out to be biased more toward the low end of the range than hitherto thought.

You appear to propose that there is no explanation for the observations — in other words, that the observed changes are, perhaps, God's work, or perhaps just an accident.