Sentences with phrase «observed changes in ocean temperatures»

Barnett et al. «Penetration of Human - Induced Warming into the World's Oceans» (Science, Vol 309, Issue 5732, 284 - 287, 8 July 2005) «A new study has found a «compelling agreement» between observed changes in ocean temperatures since 1960 and the changes simulated by two climate models under rising atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.

Not exact matches

«By prescribing the effects of human - made climate change and observed global ocean temperatures, our model can reproduce the observed shifts in weather patterns and wildfire occurrences.»

The westerlies in the Northern Hemisphere, which increased from the 1960s to the 1990s but which have since returned to about normal as part of NAO and NAM changes, alter the flow from oceans to continents and are a major cause of the observed changes in winter storm tracks and related patterns of precipitation and temperature anomalies, especially over Europe.

The temperature increases are consistent with observed changes in the cryosphere and oceans.

Consistent with observed changes in surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacier and small ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; sea ice extents have decreased in the Arctic, particularly in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising (Chapter 5).

This is not only in excellent agreement with the observed temperature changes at the surface (blue stars), it also correctly reproduces the observed heat storage in the oceans — a strong indicator that the model's heat budget is correct.

You've got the radiative physics, the measurements of ocean temperature and land temperature, the changes in ocean heat content (Hint — upwards, whereas if if was just a matter of circulation moving heat around you might expect something more simple) and of course observed predictions such as stratospheric cooling which you don't get when warming occurs from oceanic circulation.

That illustrates my point, which is that present changes in surface temperature is not a good indicator of what we should expect in the future, and as such, it is not a great idea to make the debate about the observed ocean temperature.

The significant difference between the observed decrease of the CO2 sink estimated by the inversion (0.03 PgC / y per decade) and the expected increase due solely to rising atmospheric CO2 -LRB--0.05 PgC / y per decade) indicates that there has been a relative weakening of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink (0.08 PgC / y per decade) due to changes in other atmospheric forcing (winds, surface air temperature, and water fluxes).

Steric sea level is driven by volume changes through ocean salinity (halosteric) and ocean temperature (thermosteric) effects, from which the latter is known to play a dominant role in observed contemporary rise of GSSL.

This is not only in excellent agreement with the observed temperature changes at the surface (blue stars), it also correctly reproduces the observed heat storage in the oceans — a strong indicator that the model's heat budget is correct.

Since the oceans are massive heat sinks, they cause delays (around a decade or more) in observed temperature changes from changes in radiated energy from the sun.

it seems that your conclusion:» the observed relationship between increased intensity of TCs and rising ocean temperatures appears to be robust» is in direct contradiction with your conclusion «our knowledge of likely future changes in hurricanes or tropical cyclones (TCs) remains an uncertain area of science».

The scientists working on the IPCC assessments have carefully documented observed changes in air temperature, ocean temperature, ice retreat, and sea level rise since the past century.

In this work the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated based on observed near - surface temperature change from the instrumental record, changes in ocean heat content and detailed RF time serieIn this work the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) is estimated based on observed near - surface temperature change from the instrumental record, changes in ocean heat content and detailed RF time seriein ocean heat content and detailed RF time series.

By comparing modelled and observed changes in such indices, which include the global mean surface temperature, the land - ocean temperature contrast, the temperature contrast between the NH and SH, the mean magnitude of the annual cycle in temperature over land and the mean meridional temperature gradient in the NH mid-latitudes, Braganza et al. (2004) estimate that anthropogenic forcing accounts for almost all of the warming observed between 1946 and 1995 whereas warming between 1896 and 1945 is explained by a combination of anthropogenic and natural forcing and internal variability.

Temperatures measured by the ARGO floats and the XBTs before them are rising in the raw data, and the ocean heat content (OHC) is simply observed temperature change scaled by the thermal mass of the ocean layer in question - not some kind of complex model.

«By prescribing the effects of man - made climate change and observed global ocean temperatures, our model can reproduce the observed shifts in weather patterns and wildfire occurrences.»

My opinion expressed elsewhere is that almost all the temperature changes we observe over periods of less than a century are caused by cyclical changes in the rate of energy emission from the oceans with the solar effect only providing a slow background trend of warming or cooling for several centuries at a time.

Even while identifying some of the observed change in climatic behaviour, such as a 0.4 C increase in surface temperature over the past century, or about 1 mm per year sea level rise in Northern Indian Ocean, or wider variation in rainfall patterns, the document notes that no firm link between the do...

The BEST team found that greenhouse gases and volcanic eruptions could account for most of the observed temperature change, and suggest that the remainder of the variability is fairly consistent with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), an ocean cycle, and very little contribution from changes in solar activity (Figure 2).

The new research uses multiple runs of a coupled ocean - atmosphere computer model to simulate global temperature changes in response to climate forcing when the sea surface temperature (SST) in the el Niño region follows its historically observed values.

Wardle and Smith (2004) argued that the upward rainfall trend is consistent with the upward trend in land surface temperatures that has been observed in the south of the continent, independent of changes over the oceans.

If there is deep - water formation in the final steady state as in the present day, the ocean will eventually warm up fairly uniformly by the amount of the global average surface temperature change (Stouffer and Manabe, 2003), which would result in about 0.5 m of thermal expansion per degree celsius of warming, calculated from observed climatology; the EMICs in Figure 10.34 indicate 0.2 to 0.6 m °C — 1 for their final steady state (year 3000) relative to 2000.

Well, I was one of the first persons in the blogosphere at the time to evaluate that, because I compared the dip in the temperature of sampled water with the dip in the temperature of near - surface air measured on ships, and observed that approximately half or so of the dip was explainable by instrumentation changes and the remainder by some other mechanism — probably a change in internal ocean dynamics (PDO, AMO, etc..)

The oceans may or may not have been a net carbon sink but the extent to which they acted as a net carbon sink would have been reduced by the higher surface temperatures and that to me suggests that they must have contributed to higher CO2 in the air and since the oceans are magnitudes more important than human emissions in the natural carbon cycle that is where we need to look to explain observed changes.

The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content, increases in atmospheric moisture, sea level rise, and increased melting of land and sea ice also match the patterns scientists expect to see due to rising levels of CO2 and other human - induced changes (see Question 5).

The observed pattern of ocean temperature change created a propensity for drought in some regions around the globe — perhaps including California, which has been experiencing drought conditions more often than not over the past decade and a half.

But that does not change the observed fact that the fraction remaining in the atmosphere has decreased (by around 1 % - point per decade since Mauna Loa measurements started — from around 55 % to around 50 % (even though the ocean temperature increased marginally over this period).

Put in a two - hemisphere energy - balance model and using observed hemispheric temperature changes and ocean heat uptake changes you can easily arrive at an independent total aerosol forcing estimate - one that also implies small net total aerosol forcings that are reasonably consistent with the latest observatiional findings.

The study authors compared the simulations that were correctly synchronized with the ocean cycles (blue data in the left frame below) and the most out - of - sync (grey data in the right frame) to the observed global surface temperature changes (red) for each 15 - year period.

Girma Orssengo rightly demonstrates that one can not determine climate sensitivity empirically from observed changes in CO2 concentration and in global mean surface temperature unless one either studies periods that are multiples of ~ 60 years to cancel the transient effects of the warming and cooling phases of the Pacific and related ocean oscillations or studies periods centered on a phase - transition in the ocean oscillations.

The new finding of the importance of multiple ocean surface temperature changes to the multi-decadal global warming accelerations and slowdowns is supported by a set of computer modeling experiments, in which observed sea surface temperature changes are specified in individual ocean basins, separately.