Sentences with phrase «observed changes in the sea ice»

The prediction is initialised with the mean of the observed sea ice extent for September 2009 - 2013 and an ensemble prediction is created simply by adding all of the observed changes in the sea ice extent record from one September to the next over the historical period 1979 - 2013.

«The observed changes in sea ice on the Arctic Ocean, in the mass of the Greenland ice sheet and Arctic ice caps and glaciers over the past 10 years are dramatic and represent an obvious departure from long - term patterns,» says the report.

Not exact matches

As well as changes in sea ice, they considered other possible explanations for the changing behaviour observed.

«Eavesdropping on Bering Strait marine mammals: Researchers are eavesdropping on marine mammals within the Bering Strait via «passive acoustic monitoring» to observe changes in the ecology of the Pacific Arctic by documenting the use of this region by species previously excluded by sea ice.»

However, the simulations indicate that the sea - ice driven precipitation changes resemble the global rainfall patterns observed during that drought, leaving the possibility that Arctic sea - ice loss could have played a role in the recent drought.

Arctic sea ice in transformation: a review of recent observed changes and impacts on biology and human activity.

Consistent with observed changes in surface temperature, there has been an almost worldwide reduction in glacier and small ice cap (not including Antarctica and Greenland) mass and extent in the 20th century; snow cover has decreased in many regions of the Northern Hemisphere; sea ice extents have decreased in the Arctic, particularly in spring and summer (Chapter 4); the oceans are warming; and sea level is rising (Chapter 5).

This is seen in Johanessen et al 2009, «Arctic climate change: observed and modelled temperature and sea - ice variability.»

Observed arctic sea ice reductions can be simulated fairly well in models driven by historical circulation and temperature changes.

Our results hence show that the observed evolution of Arctic sea - ice extent is consistent with the claim that virtually certainly the impact of an anthropogenic climate change is observable in Arctic sea ice already today.»

All climate models tell us that it is the Arctic sea ice cover that declines first, and that Antarctic ice extent falls only later, and may even (as observed) temporarily increase in response to changing patterns of atmospheric circulation.

We have fairly high confidence that we observe the history of Heinrich events (huge discharges of ice - rafted debris from the Laurentide ice sheet through Hudson Bay that are roughly coincident with large southern warming, southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, extensive sea ice in the north Atlantic, reduced monsoonal rainfall in at least some parts of Asia, and other changes), and also cold phases of the Dansgaard / Oeschger oscillations that lack Heinrich layers and are characterized by muted versions of the other climate anomalies I just mentioned.

This finding is consistent with the expected effect of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations and with other observed evidence of a changing climate such as reductions in Arctic sea ice extent, melting permafrost, rising sea levels, and increases in heavy downpours and heat waves.

The scientists working on the IPCC assessments have carefully documented observed changes in air temperature, ocean temperature, ice retreat, and sea level rise since the past century.

The reasonable agreement in recent years between the observed rate of sea level rise and the sum of thermal expansion and loss of land ice suggests an upper limit for the magnitude of change in land - based water storage, which is relatively poorly known.

«Sea ice extent averaged over the Northern Hemisphere has decreased correspondingly over the past 50 years... The largest change has been observed in the summer months with decreases exceeding 30 %.

From this small set, they applied the resulting model to the wider Greenland Ice Sheet, in order to work out the expected sea - level rise just from the most recent observed changes - and so figure out a «committed level of sea - rise».

An overall warming in the 2 × CO2 experiment causes reduction of sea - ice extent by 15 %, with maximum decrease in summer and autumn, consistent with observed seasonal sea - ice changes.

From the figures I took an average value of 0.45 — but, hey, if you prefer to assume 0.35, that's OK, because it will not change the conclusion that the observed Arctic sea ice melt has not appreciably changed our planet's total albedo, and that a very small change in cloud cover would have a far greater effect.

NSIDC scientists have observed fundamental changes in the Arctic's sea ice cover.

By scaling six CMIP3 models to recent observed September sea ice changes, a nearly ice - free Arctic in September is projected to occur by 2037...

Taken together, these changes suggest that at least part of the thinning of sea ice recently observed over the Arctic Ocean can be attributed to the trend in the AO toward the high - index polarity.

That suggests that the 1940s tropical warming could have started the changes in the Amundsen Sea ice shelves that are being observed now... He emphasized that natural variations in tropical sea - surface temperatures associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation play a significant role.&raqSea ice shelves that are being observed now... He emphasized that natural variations in tropical sea - surface temperatures associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation play a significant role.&raqsea - surface temperatures associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation play a significant role.»

Arctic ice is floating so its melting does not increase sea level (try melting an ice cube in a glass of water and you will be able to observe that there is no change to the water level in the glass).

CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction

Mean sea level (MSL) evolution has a direct impact on coastal areas and is a crucial index of climate change since it reflects both the amount of heat added in the ocean and the mass loss due to land ice melt (e.g. IPCC, 2013; Dieng et al., 2017) Long - term and inter-annual variations of the sea level are observed at global and regional scales.

That was the reaction from scientist after scientist to a new report by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), which documented record - breaking droughts, heatwaves, rainfall, melting of sea ice and a host of tangible signs observed in 2016 that the Earth's climate has changed.

Scientists have recently observed major changes in these glaciers: several have broken up at the ocean end (the terminus), and many have doubled the speed at which they are retreating.2, 5 This has meant a major increase in the amount of ice and water they discharge into the ocean, contributing to sea - level rise, which threatens low - lying populations.2, 3,5 Accelerated melting also adds freshwater to the oceans, altering ecosystems and changing ocean circulation and regional weather patterns.7 (See Greenland ice sheet hotspot for more information.)

Observed hemispheric asymmetry in global sea ice changes.

Sea ice concentration, which is independently measured and well observed by passive microwave satellite sensors, gives additional important information on changes in the Antarctic environment.

It is then critical to consider whether the observed and expected dramatic declines in Arctic sea ice are causing fundamental changes in sensible heat and evaporation fluxes and influencing the magnitude and form of Arctic amplification.

In a new study, researchers have observed an expansion of the crevasse fields in one portion of the Greenland ice sheet, a change that they suggest may influence how the ice sheets move toward the ocean and raise sea levelIn a new study, researchers have observed an expansion of the crevasse fields in one portion of the Greenland ice sheet, a change that they suggest may influence how the ice sheets move toward the ocean and raise sea levelin one portion of the Greenland ice sheet, a change that they suggest may influence how the ice sheets move toward the ocean and raise sea levels.

The rapid nature of observed and predicted changes in the Arctic suggests that Arctic sea ice could possibly undergo nonlinear threshold behavior as it retreats.

Background mixing in the deep ocean is related to internal wave energy, which in ice - covered seas has been observed to be lower than in ice - free oceans, and to change with time and bathymetric conditions [Levine et al., 1985 and 1987; Halle and Pinkel, 2003; Pinkel, 2005].

The observed patterns of surface warming, temperature changes through the atmosphere, increases in ocean heat content, increases in atmospheric moisture, sea level rise, and increased melting of land and sea ice also match the patterns scientists expect to see due to rising levels of CO2 and other human - induced changes (see Question 5).

To explain what might be causing the shift in phytoplankton, the team studied observed changes in wind, sea ice and cloudiness.

For example, while all of the global climate models participating in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report show a decline in Arctic sea ice over the period of available observations, none of them match the severity of the trends we actually observe.

The observed effects of cryosphere reduction include modification of river regimes due to enhanced glacial melt, snowmelt advance and enhanced winter base flow; formation of thermokarst terrain and disappearance of surface lakes in thawing permafrost; decrease in potential travel days of vehicles over frozen roads in the Arctic; enhanced potential for glacier hazards and slope instability due to mechanical weakening driven by ice and permafrost melting; regional ocean freshening; sea - level rise due to glacier and ice sheet shrinkage; biotic colonisation and faunal changes in deglaciated terrain; changes in freshwater and marine ecosystems affected by lake - ice and sea - ice reduction; changes in livelihoods; reduced tourism activities related to skiing, ice climbing and scenic activities in cryospheric areas affected by degradation; and increased ease of ship transportation in the Arctic.