Sentences with phrase «observed differences»

To do so, we performed multi-group analysis to test whether observed differences in the structural weights are statistically significant between genders.

Next, we performed multi-group analysis (Jaccard and Wan 1996) to the model presented in Fig. 2, in order to test whether observed differences in the structural weights for the path between pathological gaming wave 1 and physical aggression wave 2 were statistically significant between players of mostly violent games (N = 215) and players of mostly non-violent games (N = 287).

These observed differences in neurological activity, consistent with the dual systems model, contribute to increased emotional volatility and difficulty with emotion regulation that increases during adolescence, which ultimately manifests as increased risk for SUDs and comorbid psychopathology (e.g., [29 • •, 36]-RRB-.

These small observed differences in IQ and achievement have been attributed to nutritional and social determinants of breastfeeding, but none of these studies have partialled out the genetic and socioenvironmental factors related to maternal IQ from the nutritional benefits of breastfeeding.

Finally, the observed differences may reflect actual differences between the two countries.

ANCOVA, MANCOVA, and Bonferroni test in addition to partial eta squared were also used to check the observed differences between the pre - and post-test scores of clinical variables, and calculate effect size, respectively.

Though the general trend of the data from this study supports the Cinderella effect, Anderson and colleagues note that the observed differences between parental investment in genetic children and stepchildren might be slightly reduced by a few confounding factors.

Second, what accounts for the observed differences between these two groups of children?

«Respondents» perceptions are sensitive to observed differences in both temperature and precipitation, but respondents are more likely to accurately perceive local precipitation than local temperature.

The observed differences between their study and our assessment can further result from variations in the base data employed: Jongman et al. [73] used a finer resolution SRTM grid at 3 arc sec resolution but coarser resolution population density data at 5 arc min resolution and, as mentioned earlier, an older version of the UN's demographic data.

Omission of successively larger polar regions from the global - mean temperature calculations, in both tropospheric and surface data sets, shows that data gaps at high latitudes can not explain the observed differences between the hiatus and the pre-hiatus period....

Differences in available energy, canopy roughness, the timing of physiological functioning, water holding capacity of the soil and rooting depth of the vegetation explained the observed differences in sensible and latent heat exchange of the contrasting vegetation surfaces.

It is possible that one or a combination of these and / or as - yet - unidentified factors caused the observed differences in bleaching resistance in the Gilbert Islands corals studied here.

For all we know, there could be a turnover of five percent every month, with the rate of destruction only slightly greater than the rate of creation leading to the observed differences.

So how much of the observed differences between the Earth and Lunar surface temperatures are explained by the different speeds of rotation, how much by the absence / presence of an atmosphere, and how much by the many other differences between the Earth and the Moon?

Despite the many unresolved issues touched on in this chapter and discussed in more detail in chapters 5 — 9, the progress that has been achieved over the past few years provides a basis for drawing some tentative conclusions concerning the nature of the observed differences between surface and upper air temperature trends, and their implications for the detection and attribution of global climate change.break

Both papers found the observed differences in CO2 bands matching the expected changes from rising carbon dioxide levels.

These maps compare the observed differences from average temperature in 2016 (left) to two computer simulations of 2016 (right).

Selection effects, attrition, or other factors could account for this; it is also possible that the quality of the schools is the dominant reason for the observed differences.

We rely on instrumental variables framework to disentangle the underlying reasons behind this achievement gap and find that the observed differences are likely due to the positive effects of alternative public schools.

Shifting poor students to better schools can at best alleviate observed differences in academic achievement.

While impressive data sets were assembled on the achievement levels of thousands of students in public and private schools, statisticians could not be sure whether observed differences reflected the quality of the schools or the students who self - selected into them.

The test - score data were adjusted statistically to account for any observed differences between the two groups, such as level of family income - an important predictor of academic performance - that might have biased the results.

First, it attempts to assess what factors drive the observed differences in student achievement, but it does a poor job.

The current results provide a potential mechanistic understanding for the observed differences between Vitamin C in supplements vs food in prior studies.

There were some observed differences in the men.

These differences may relate to the observed differences in nitrogen concentrations.

The observed differences in ergatoid male behaviour towards unpigmented early pupae and dark pupae shortly before emergence may be based on their chemical signatures.

The observed differences, both in the core fecal microbiota and the detected remnant food, suggest major variations in the diets of these extinct cultures.

«For this reason, it is thought the observed differences in nose shape among populations are not simply the result of genetic drift, but may be adaptations to climate.»

Both papers found the observed differences in CO2 bands matching the expected changes from rising carbon dioxide levels.

We explored potential mechanisms for observed differences between male and female physicians, including differences in length of stay, use of care, patient volume (number of hospitalized Medicare patients each physician treated annually), and discharge location of patients (home, skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation facility, hospice, or other).

Although we addressed this issue in several ways, including the use of a natural experimental design exploiting the quasi-randomized assignment of patients to hospitalists, it is still possible that unmeasured confounding (eg, residual differences in socioeconomic status of patients that are not explained by patient race / ethnicity, Medicaid eligibility, and household income level) could explain the observed differences in patient outcomes.

Furthermore, these observed differences in SAT might be allegeable with smaller insulin effects on SAT, due to above described higher insulin resistance in female neonates.

[79][80] He soon realized this system was likely to have a high proper motion, [81][82][67] In this case, the apparent stellar motion was found using Nicolas Louis de Lacaille's astrometric observations of 1751 — 1752, [83] by the observed differences between the two measured positions in different epochs.

In contrast, proliferation differences seen between DGKζ − / − or Cbl - b − / − CD8 + T cells mostly dissipate upon administration of exogenous IL - 2, which indicates that the enhanced production of IL - 2 in stimulated Cbl - b − / − CD8 + T cells is the primary factor responsible for the observed differences between the two genotypes.

These changes may have attenuated the observed differences in mortality between the groups, leading to an underestimation of the adverse effects of the intervention.

To assess whether changes in T cell numbers within the tumors could be responsible for the observed differences in tumor size, we processed the spleen and tumors from mice and calculated percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells.

The observed differences in associations between lineage - specific SINEs and gain and loss in mouse and human are likely due to differential expansion of LINEs vs SINEs in the two lineages.

This lack of correlation is unexpected and suggests possible explanations for observed differences in organofluorine materials.

The mechanisms behind these effects are still unknown, but diet deficiency and stress - induced glucocorticoid response may be likely drivers of the observed differences in TL between our urban and rural populations.

The mechanistic basis for the observed differences is unclear.

«A narrower range suggests that socioeconomic factors could explain a substantial portion of the observed differences in hospital readmission rates,» said Nagasako, an instructor of medicine.

The sex - specificity of the observed differences points to a potential hormonal mediator.

While the observed differences of the individual steps were mostly modest, mathematical modeling suggested that even small delays in the trafficking of these immune cells will lead to reduced initiation of a WNV - specific antibody - response during the early stages after infection.

There were no observed differences in MACCE, death, readmissions, functional status or quality - of - life at two years.

There were no observed differences in MACCE, death, readmissions, functional status or quality - of - life at one - year.

That is, nature rather than nurture accounted for almost half the observed differences in aptitude, helping explain why some subjects with no musical training scored at a professional level.

Later, researchers observed the differences of device characteristics.

In line with earlier studies, the researchers observed differences between Facebook and Myspace users.