Can the Atlantic Ocean drive
the observed multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature?
Predictions at longer timescales, such as 10 or 20 yr are also found to be less skillful, given
the observed multidecadal variability.
Zhang, R., T. L. Delworth, and I. M. Held, 2007: Can the Atlantic Ocean drive
the observed multidecadal variability in Northern Hemisphere mean temperature?
Not exact matches
Delworth, T.L., and M.E. Mann, 2000:
Observed and simulated
multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Multidecadal variability of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity is
observed to relate to the Atlantic
Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO)-- a mode manifesting primarily in sea surface temperature (SST) in the high latitudes of the North Atlantic.
Since the CMIP5 models used by the IPCC on average adequately reproduce
observed global warming in the last two and a half decades of the 20th century without any contribution from
multidecadal ocean
variability, it follows that those models (whose mean TCR is slightly over 1.8 °C) must be substantially too sensitive.
Delworth, T.L., Mann, M.E.,
Observed and Simulated
Multidecadal Variability in the Northern Hemisphere, Climate Dynamics, 16, 661 - 676, 2000.
It presents a significant reinterpretation of the region's recent climate change origins, showing that atmospheric conditions have changed substantially over the last century, that these changes are not likely related to historical anthropogenic and natural radiative forcing, and that dynamical mechanisms of interannual and
multidecadal temperature
variability can also apply to
observed century - long trends.
Ruprich - Robert, Y., F. Castruccio, R. Msadek, S. G. Yeager, T. Delworth, and G. Danabasoglu, 2016: Assessing the climate impacts of the
observed Atlantic
multidecadal variability using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 global coupled models.
Assessing the Climate Impacts of the
Observed Atlantic
Multidecadal Variability Using the GFDL CM2.1 and NCAR CESM1 Global Coupled Models (Journal of Climate)
They do a poor job at simulating the
observed modes of natural internal climate
variability (e.g. the
multidecadal ocean oscillations).
Zhang, R., T. L. Delworth, R. Sutton, D. L. R. Hodson, K. W. Dixon, I. M. Held, Y. Kushnir, J. Marshall, Y. Ming, R. Msadek, J. Robson, A. J. Rosati, M. F. Ting, and G. A. Vecchi, 2013: Have aerosols caused the
observed Atlantic
multidecadal variability?
The BEST team found that greenhouse gases and volcanic eruptions could account for most of the
observed temperature change, and suggest that the remainder of the
variability is fairly consistent with the Atlantic
Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), an ocean cycle, and very little contribution from changes in solar activity (Figure 2).
Quantitatively, the recurrent
multidecadal internal
variability, often underestimated in attribution studies, accounts for 40 % of the
observed recent 50 - y warming trend.
And finally, attribution studies can't simply rely on model simulations, since model simulations (even if they capture the correct spectrum of
variability) won't match the
observed realization of the
multidecadal modes in terms of timing.
Observed Atlantic major hurricane frequency has exhibited pronounced
multidecadal variability since the 1940s.
The
observed internal
variability so estimated exhibits a pronounced
multidecadal mode with a distinctive spatiotemporal signature, which is altogether absent in model simulations.
This model's forced response agrees very well with the
observed surface temperatures averaged over the North Atlantic, so in this model one doesn't need to invoke internal
multidecadal variability to match these observations.