Sentences with phrase «observed ocean air»

My attempts to determine the ratios and differences between the observed ocean air versus ocean SST temperature trends to compare with the model results were limited by the sparseness of the observed data.

Not exact matches

Examples include the claim that air has weight, 26 the existence of valleys27 and vents28 on the bottom of the sea, ocean currents, 29 and the fact that winds blow in circular paths.30 These are remarkable claims that could not have been directly observed by a bunch on nomadic sheep herders.

And, in fact, the general circulation — the global system of ocean and air currents that we observe — results from this north - south imbalance.

The observed fact that temperatures increases slower over the oceans than over land demonstrates that the large heat capacity of the ocean tries to hold back the warming of the air over the ocean and produces a delay at the surface but nevertheless the atmosphere responds quit rapidly to increasing greenhouse gases.

Over the period 1984 — 2006 the global changes are 0.28 °C in SST and − 9.1 W m − 2 in Q, giving an effective air — sea coupling coefficient of − 32 W m − 2 °C − 1... [D] iminished ocean cooling due to vertical ocean processes played an important role in sustaining the observed positive trend in global SST from 1984 through 2006, despite the decrease in global surface heat flux.

Upper ocean dynamics and interdisciplinary processes; structure of the oceanic surface boundary layer; air - sea interaction and the oceanic response to surface forcing; internal waves; fronts; oceanographic instrumentation and observing techniques.

Natural changes in winds, air pressures and ocean currents were found to be responsible for more than 80 percent of the observed warming during the 112 years studied.

Coastal circulation dynamics, numerical modeling and data assimilation, biophysical interaction, air - sea interaction, coastal ocean observing system

The significant difference between the observed decrease of the CO2 sink estimated by the inversion (0.03 PgC / y per decade) and the expected increase due solely to rising atmospheric CO2 -LRB--0.05 PgC / y per decade) indicates that there has been a relative weakening of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink (0.08 PgC / y per decade) due to changes in other atmospheric forcing (winds, surface air temperature, and water fluxes).

If a significant fraction of this heat lost from the ocean went into the atmosphere one might have expected the surface air temperature to have increased faster during this period than during the subsequent period of the 1990s when the ocean heat content gained > 5 X 10 ^ 22 J, but this is not what was observed (see reference Figure 2.7 c in the IPCC TAR Working group I).

Kevin Trenberth is now arguing that the reason observed air temperature trends don't match modeled trends is because of «missing heat» in the oceans.

The scientists working on the IPCC assessments have carefully documented observed changes in air temperature, ocean temperature, ice retreat, and sea level rise since the past century.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7, Multiple Methods As with CIS contributions in June 2009, 2010, and 2011, the 2012 forecast was derived using a combination of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter arctic ice thicknesses and extents, as well as an examination of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model, which uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

Unfortunately, every article I have read that explains why hurricane strength is anticipated to increase merely cites the observed link between hurricane strength and ocean temperature, without explaining why CO2 would cause water tempertaures to rise more than that of the air above it.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (+ / - 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

If the sun is primarily responsible for observed global air temperature changes (even if heavily modulated by ocean behaviour as I contend elsewhere) then we need to know sooner rather than later otherwise a misdiagnosis of the causes of climate change could cause unimaginable disruption and hardship through the imposition of incorrect remedies.

The observed climate is just the equilibrium response to such variations with the positions of the air circulation systems and the speed of the hydrological cycle always adjusting to bring energy differentials between all the many ocean and atmosphere layers back towards equilibrium (Wilde's Law?).

Canadian Ice Service; 5.0; Statistical As with Canadian Ice Service (CIS) contributions in June 2009 and June 2010, the 2011 forecast was derived using a combination of three methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic Multi-Year Ice (MYI) extents, as well as an examination of Surface Air Temperature (SAT), Sea Level Pressure (SLP) and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) an experimental Optimal Filtering Based (OFB) Model which uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate NSIDC's September Arctic Ice Extent time series into the future; and 3) an experimental Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere, and sea ice predictors.

Participants supported the development of an international air - sea flux working group sponsored by the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) to coordinate the proposed pilot study and oversee the task of defining flux requirements.

d) That although warmer ocean surfaces absorb less CO2 the observed increase in CO2 in the air is all or mostly our fault.

Murry Salby who is suggesting that ocean and soil moisture data shows that the observed rise in atmospheric CO2 might well be entirely from natural causes and Roy Spencer who suggests that variations in oceans and sun affecting global cloudiness make it impossible to verify the sign of the climate system response to more CO2 in the air.

That would change the air circulation patterns resulting in the observed wind effect on the ocean surfaces but would itself have been caused by changes in the rate of release or absorption of energy from the ocean surfaces.

The advantage of recognising a reversed sign for the solar effect high up in the atmosphere is that it enables a scenario whereby the bottom up effects of ocean cycles and the top down effects of solar variability can be seen to be engaged in a complex ever changing dance with the primary climate response being changes in the tropospheric air circulation systems to give us the observed natural climate variability via cyclical latitudinal shifts in all the air circulation systems and notably the jet streams.

Canadian Ice Service, 4.7 (± 0.2), Heuristic / Statistical (same as June) The 2015 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness extents, as well as winter Surface Air Temperature, Sea Level Pressure and vector wind anomaly patterns and trends; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent timeseries into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

We observe changing air temperatures together with movements of the weather systems towards the poles or towards the equator during those periods of transition when the air is catching up with the ocean surface changes whether they be warming or cooling.

He observes: «Warm moist air from the Pacific and Atlantic oceans has warmed the Arctic above the 80th parallel.

Stephen Wilde (00:59:57) «Also one would need to observe the air circulation systems moving latitudinally BEFORE the ocean sea surface temperatures change and I don't think that happens does it?»

As with previous CIS contributions, the 2016 forecast was derived by considering a combination of methods: 1) a qualitative heuristic method based on observed end - of - winter Arctic ice thickness / extent, as well as winter surface air temperature, spring ice conditions and the summer temperature forecast; 2) a simple statistical method, Optimal Filtering Based Model (OFBM), that uses an optimal linear data filter to extrapolate the September sea ice extent time - series into the future and 3) a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) prediction system that tests ocean, atmosphere and sea ice predictors.

In view of what Leif Svalgaard says about the smallness of solar variations I'm coming round to the opinion that virtually all climate change that we observe is simply internal variability induced by the oceans and countered in the air all occurring around a relatively stable equilibrium set by sun and oceans.

Well, I was one of the first persons in the blogosphere at the time to evaluate that, because I compared the dip in the temperature of sampled water with the dip in the temperature of near - surface air measured on ships, and observed that approximately half or so of the dip was explainable by instrumentation changes and the remainder by some other mechanism — probably a change in internal ocean dynamics (PDO, AMO, etc..)

As a result the most those papers can do is attempt to quantify the effects on measurements such as model TCR and model trends using air temperatures for land and ocean and comparisons with the observed using blended temperatures.

The review study found that high - resolution mixed layer ocean models can represent some of the complicated air - sea interactions and recommended that scientists use coupled simulations and evaluate them in terms of the observed relationship between convection and sea surface temperature and associated variables.

The oceans may or may not have been a net carbon sink but the extent to which they acted as a net carbon sink would have been reduced by the higher surface temperatures and that to me suggests that they must have contributed to higher CO2 in the air and since the oceans are magnitudes more important than human emissions in the natural carbon cycle that is where we need to look to explain observed changes.

In other words, * we can observe the increase of CO2 in atmosphere above the ocean, * CO2 absorbs some part of the outgoing radiation from the surface of the ocean which increases somewhat the temperature of the air * The increasing of temperature causes the (slight) increase of the (already existing) back radiation * This (now increased) back radiation is absorbed by the surface skin layer of the ocean which means that the energy delivered by the back radiation to the surface skin layer is now slightly higher * This additional energy will now be distributed over the channels that are participating in the heat transfer from the absorbing surface skin layer to both the air above the skin layer and the bulk of the ocean.

Is it possible that slow warming of the ocean could be the cause of the observed steady increase of CO2 into air?

Craig King - Further to Bob Loblaw's comments; that global surface air temperatures are warming faster than upper ocean temperatures is well - observed and completely uncontroversial.

As Media Matters has noted, the IPCC's 2007 «Synthesis Report» concluded that» [w] arming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level» and that» [m] ost of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely [defined in the report as a» > 90 %» probability] due to the observed increase in anthropogenic [human - caused] GHG [greenhouse gas] concentrations.»

J. Le Marshall, «The Use of Global AIRS Hyperspectral Observations in Numerical Weather Prediction,» 11th Symposium on Integrated Observing and Assimilation Systems for the Atmosphere, Oceans, and Land Surface, 87th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, January 15 - 18, 2007, available at http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/119660.pdf.