Sentences with phrase «obtained by measurements»

The average flux of power inciding on the surface of the the Earth obtained by measurements is 329 W / m ^ 2.

And the flux of power the Earth would absorb per unit area is: The average flux of power inciding on the surface of the the Earth obtained by measurements is 329 W / m ^ 2.

Recent results have indeed been able to show that probabilistic predictions in quantum mechanicslogically follow, without any additional postulates, from the description of individual quantum systems, with the aid of the wave function, which can be expressed, as we have seen, in a completely non-probabilistic way and the assumption that the objective properties of the system can be obtained by measurements with certainty.

Not exact matches

This may be accomplished by establishing standard conditions under which measurement is to take place or by introducing correction factors in the results obtained with the measuring rod.

Thus the set of N spin - measurements obtained by means of one of the spin - measuring devices should be the same no matter how the second spin - measuring device is oriented when it measures the spin of the other member of each of the neutron pairs.

As we used an off - the - shelf product with sizes guided by participants self measurement, there would have been inherent inconsistencies in the actual compressive values obtained.

More than 200 teachers and principals received erroneous scores from the state on a contentious measurement that ties their performance to how well their students do on tests, according to state documents obtained by The New York Times.

Important questions yet to be resolved include the details of obtaining and confirming a target warhead during the zero - knowledge measurement; specifics of establishing and maintaining the pre-loaded detectors in a way that ensures inspecting party confidence without revealing any data considered sensitive by the inspected party; and feasibility questions associated with safely deploying active interrogation measurement techniques on actual nuclear warheads in sensitive physical environments, in a way that provides confidence to both the inspected and inspecting parties.

Observation - based data sets, which focus mainly on local and regional climate, are obtained by taking raw climate measurements from weather stations and applying it to a grid defined over the globe.

The ability to control quantum noise could one day be used to improve the precision of very sensitive measurements, such as those obtained by LIGO, the Laser Interferometry Gravitational - wave Observatory, a Caltech - and - MIT - led project searching for signs of gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of space - time.

Her recent research on this issue, as well as work carried out by Wolfgang Tress and colleagues at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, shows the way in which a current — voltage measurement is carried out will dictate the efficiency value you obtain.

Similar 3 - D images were used by researchers to obtain the first measurements larval fish otoliths while still inside the skull.

This calculation method enabled us to more accurately perform theoretical prediction of IMFP compared to the experimental value, which was obtained by applying spectrometry (extended X ‐ ray absorption fine structure spectrometry) to low - speed electrons of Copper and molybdenum at the high - brilliant synchrotron radiation facility, and to explain the relationship between energy measurement and the types of materials.

Further analysis of the datasets will include meteorological measurements of the dust devils that will be used to interpret data obtained by landers and rovers on Mars, including the Curiosity rover and the upcoming ExoMars and InSight lander missions.

To obtain the 3D model, first a series of clear and dark lights are generated using a cannon, which must be projected laterally on the object to be scanned, then the 3D camera captures binary patterns (sequences lines) that are processed by the software to detected dimensions to form the model with the real measurements.

Data were obtained from the Behavioral Healthcare Performance Measurement System — a comprehensive proprietary national database maintained by the NRI, representing 80 percent of all US state psychiatric hospitals.

The problem is that the measurement differed from those obtained by two other methods by 4 %, or 0.03 femtometers (fm).

These methods are called «acoustic - phonetic» because they combine measurements obtained by listening (acoustic) with the output of automated sound analysis (phonetics).

«The radiation dose rates from measurements obtained over the last four years exceeded trends from previous solar cycles by at least 30 percent, showing that the radiation environment is getting far more intense,» said Nathan Schwadron, professor of physics and lead author of the study.

As a result, they were able to obtain an angle - amplitude measurement of unprecedented precision, unbothered by quantum uncertainty.

Astronomers at the University of Toronto, York University and Queen's University Belfast used measurements of the phase variations of six exoplanets obtained by the Kepler space telescope to forecast their daily weather cycle.

The researchers made their discovery by obtaining spectroscopic measurements of S0 - 2 using W. M. Keck Observatory's OH - Suppressing Infrared Imaging Spectrograph (OSIRIS) and Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics.

A team led by Richard Wehr and Scott Saleska at the University of Arizona obtained detailed long - term measurements of the respiration and photosynthesis rates of a temperate deciduous forest during the day and the night.

In fact, a subsequent study conducted by Liu et al. (2015) and published in Nature Communications, contrasts the CARES measurements with those obtained from the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign to show that aerosol coatings influence black carbon absorption and the form and structural details of the mixing state may be specific to the source and region where the mixing occurs.

Lateral information on the islands is obtained by rocking curve and detector scan measurements under grazing incident condition.

The UAS and TBS measurements have supplemented data obtained by the third ARM Mobile Facility at Oliktok Point — part of ARM's North Slope of Alaska atmospheric observatory — to help improve understanding of atmospheric processes in the Arctic.

It was found using radial - velocity measurements obtained as part of the the NASA - UC Eta - Earth Survey by the California Planet Search (CPS) group, a systematic search for low - mass planets between three and 30 Earth - masses orbiting the nearest 230 G -, K -.

Because heavy - flavor production is dominated by gluon - gluon interactions at $ \ sqrt -LCB- s -RCB- = 200 $ GeV, these measurements offer a unique opportunity to obtain information on the trigluon correlation functions.

As mentioned above, an additional three hearing 75d birds were used in order to facilitate comparison between our measurements and those obtained by another study (Haesler et al., 2004; see Discussion)[15].

Recent temperature measurements over the past 165 + years based on satellite, marine and land instruments obtained and analyzed by HadCrut, GISS, and Berkeley indicate global temperatures have increased by approximately 1 degree C shown on Figure 7.

The team obtains these measurements by getting near the tornado itself.

In particular, data gathered by ships recruited by Japan and the Netherlands (not shown) are biased in a way that suggests that these nations were still using uninsulated buckets to obtain SST measurements as late as the 1960s.

The logarithmic relationship was first posited by Svante Arrhenius in 1896, based on measurements of infrared radiation from the full moon obtained with the Langley bolometer.

Refining the model to obtain «better» results can only be directed by prejudice concerning what is «better» because there is no measurement standard for global temperature.

This ocean data is based on 355 million measurements collected by ships and buoys, including 12 million observations obtained in 2017.

«Height - resolved measurements of specific humidity (q) and relative humidity (RH) are obtained from NASA's satellite - borne Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS)... The water - vapor feedback implied by these observations is strongly positive, with an average magnitude of λ q = 2.04 W / m2 / K, similar to that simulated by climate models.»

This allowed the development and validation of more realistic simulations that replicated the aircraft measurements and thus quantified more reliably the entities that can not be obtained directly by the aircraft measurements to improve understanding and modeling of aerosol - cloud - precipitation interactions.

The software has been validated by detailed comparison with measurements obtained in the laboratory and on IBP's outdoor testing field.

ΔCRF is the change in TOA net flux anomaly if clouds were instantaneously removed, with everything else held fixed, and it is determined by subtracting ΔRall - sky, obtained from CERES measurements, from the clear - sky flux anomalies ΔRclear - sky, obtained from a reanalysis system.»

In fact, these are the values that are the MOST supported by the data, since they give the highest probability density to the measurement obtained (ie, have the highest likelihood).

In all of the world's ocean basins, the warming predicted by the models for the upper 700 meters (2,300 feet) of the ocean corresponded to actual measurements obtained at sea, with confidence exceeding 95 percent... The immediate conclusion is that human influences are largely responsible for the warming signal,» the authors write.

In several records, staff noted that wind turbine noise exceeded regulations: ««Staff have attended at the complainants homes on multiple occasions... noise measurements were obtained... subjective observations were made by Provincial Officers... the conclusion of the POs were that the noise emissions from the wind turbines were causing an adverse effect contrary to S. 14 (1) of the EPA at the complainants locations...»

They use a range of techniques to track changes in the volume of the ice - sheet over a 500 - year period, and compare it with measurements of ice - accumulation obtained by deep boring undertaken by Lonnie Thompson of Ohio State University.

Satellite - based altimetry measurements, often supplemented by similar measurements from aircraft, hold promise for obtaining basin - scale ice thickness information (e.g., Laxon et al., 2003; Giles et al., 2008; Kwok et al., 2009) and currently provide about a decade - long record.

ARM focuses on obtaining continuous measurements — supplemented by field campaigns — and providing data products that promote the advancement of climate models.

This allowed the development and validation of more realistic simulations that replicated the aircraft measurements and thus quantify more reliably the entities that can not be obtained directly by the aircraft measurements to improve understanding and modeling of aerosol - cloud - precipitation interactions.

Note that even for the strongest absorption line, the measurements rely on obtaining ultra-high purities of nitrogen because any small contamination by CO or CO2 overwhelms the measurement:

Satellite temperature measurements are inferences of the temperature of the atmosphere at various altitudes as well as sea and land surface temperatures obtained from radiometric measurements by satellites.

The data back to the start of the satellite measurements (with close to complete coverage of the Antarctica surface) would not have shown statistical trends (by Steig et al methods) and one would have to start 10 or so years after the 1957 historic limit to surface data to obtain one.

Not only is it impossible to obtain empirical confirmation of the value of any feedback by direct measurement; it is questionable whether the feedback equation presented in Bode (1945) is appropriate to the climate.